3.5.2 Volcanic and Seismic Hazards

• Ash fall can disrupt aviation and infrastructure over large areas


  True
• Order the factors that influence the severity of volcanic hazards

  1️⃣ Type of volcano

  2️⃣ Magnitude of the eruption

  3️⃣ Proximity to the volcano
• Effusive eruptions produce violent ejections of gas and ash

  False
• Explosive eruptions involve the ejection of gas, ash, and rock


  True
• Ash fall can disrupt infrastructure and aviation


  True
• Which region is known for its volcanoes along convergent and transform plate boundaries?

  Pacific Ring of Fire
• Volcanic eruptions can destroy homes, buildings, and transportation networks
• The 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland disrupted air travel across Europe
• The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens caused over $1 billion in damage
• The severity of seismic hazards depends on factors such as the earthquake magnitude
• Arrange the types of volcanic hazards from least to most destructive:

  1️⃣ Lava flows

  2️⃣ Ash fall

  3️⃣ Lahars

  4️⃣ Pyroclastic flows
• Match the eruption type with its characteristics:

  Effusive ↔️ Gentle lava flows

  Explosive ↔️ Violent ejection of gas and ash

  Shield volcanoes ↔️ Example: Mauna Loa

  Composite volcanoes ↔️ Example: Mount St. Helens
• The Pacific Ring of Fire is associated with convergent and transform boundaries
• What are two ways volcanic ash and gases can affect agriculture and food supply?

  Burial of farmland, contamination of water
• The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens caused over $1 billion in damage
• The 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull disrupted air travel across Europe
• The severity of seismic hazards depends on earthquake magnitude
• Match the plate boundary type with its earthquake cause:

  Convergent boundaries ↔️ Collision and subduction of plates

  Divergent boundaries ↔️ Separation of plates

  Transform boundaries ↔️ Lateral sliding of plates
• Which region is an example of a convergent plate boundary where earthquakes are common?

  Pacific Ring of Fire
• Order the Richter magnitudes by their descriptions:

  1️⃣ Micro-earthquakes, not felt

  2️⃣ Minor earthquakes, felt but little damage

  3️⃣ Moderate earthquakes, some damage

  4️⃣ Strong earthquakes, significant damage

  5️⃣ Major earthquakes, severe damage

  6️⃣ Great earthquakes, widespread destruction
• Match the volcanic hazard with its description:

  Lava flows ↔️ Molten rock destroying everything

  Ash fall ↔️ Fine volcanic particles disrupting aviation
• What is the primary hazard of lava flows?

  Destroying everything in their path
• What are the two main types of volcanic eruptions?

  Effusive and explosive
• What two factors determine the type of volcanic eruption?

  Magma composition and pressure build-up
• Which plate boundary type is associated with the Pacific Ring of Fire?

  Convergent
• Long-term changes to ecosystems can occur due to altered soil conditions.
• Match the plate boundary type with its earthquake cause:

  Convergent ↔️ Collision and subduction

  Divergent ↔️ Separation of plates

  Transform ↔️ Lateral sliding of plates
• Transform boundaries cause earthquakes through lateral sliding of plates.

  True
• Earthquakes are primarily concentrated along plate boundaries.

  True
• Earthquakes with a magnitude of 2-4 on the Richter Scale are considered minor
• Earthquake-resistant design involves constructing buildings to withstand ground shaking
• What is the primary effect of lava flows on the environment?

  Destroys everything in its path
• What is a lahar in the context of volcanic hazards?

  Volcanic mudflow
• There are two main types of volcanic eruptions
• Effusive eruptions produce less violent eruptions with slower-moving lava
• Lava flows are molten rock that destroys everything in its path
• Volcanoes are primarily concentrated along plate boundaries and at hotspots
• Match the volcanic region with its primary cause:

  Pacific Ring of Fire ↔️ Subduction of oceanic plates

  Hawaiian Islands ↔️ Mantle plume volcanism
• What is a long-term environmental impact of volcanic eruptions?

  Altered ecosystems
• What are three factors that influence the scale and severity of volcanic impacts?

  Eruption size, proximity, vulnerability