3.4 Cognitive Development Across the Lifespan

• Piaget's stages of cognitive development begin with the sensorimotor stage.
• Information processing theory focuses on cognitive processes like attention, memory, and problem-solving.
• Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory includes the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development.
• Match the cognitive development theory with its key concept:

  Piaget ↔️ Schemes

  Vygotsky ↔️ Zone of Proximal Development

  Information Processing ↔️ Attention
• Vygotsky's theory emphasizes the role of social interactions and the Zone of Proximal Development.
• In the concrete operational stage, children develop skills in conservation and classification.
• Information processing theory complements Vygotsky's sociocultural theory by highlighting cognitive mechanisms underlying social learning.


  True
• Information processing theory emphasizes cognitive processes like attention, memory, and problem-solving.

  True
• Assimilation involves modifying existing mental schemes to fit new information.

  False
• What are the three primary cognitive processes emphasized by information processing perspectives?

  Attention, memory, problem-solving
• What is the impact of crystallized intelligence on daily life?

  Enhances decision-making and expertise
• In the sensorimotor stage, infants develop the concept of object permanence.
• What is a key characteristic of the preoperational stage in Piaget's theory?

  Symbolic thought
• Memory in information processing theory includes sensory, short-term, and long-term storage.
• What are the two key concepts in Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?

  Zone of Proximal Development and scaffolding
• Scaffolding refers to the support provided to learners within their ZPD
• Fluid intelligence, which declines with age, refers to the ability to solve new problems
• Assimilation involves modifying existing schemas to fit new information.

  False
• Piaget's theory explains cognitive development through distinct stages, while information processing theory emphasizes continuous improvements.


  True
• What is scaffolding in Vygotsky's theory?

  Support to achieve ZPD
• Piaget's theory focuses on stages of cognitive development from birth to adolescence
• Vygotsky's theory emphasizes the role of social interactions
• What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) according to Vygotsky?

  Tasks achievable with assistance
• Short-term memory is one type of memory described by information processing theory.


  True
• Order the stages of Piaget's cognitive development theory.

  1️⃣ Sensorimotor

  2️⃣ Preoperational

  3️⃣ Concrete Operational

  4️⃣ Formal Operational
• Vygotsky's sociocultural theory highlights the importance of cultural context and social interactions
• Match the cognitive process with its definition and impact on development.

  Attention ↔️ Ability to focus on relevant information

  Memory ↔️ Storage and retrieval of information

  Problem-solving ↔️ Strategies to overcome challenges
• Vygotsky's sociocultural theory and information processing theory both emphasize continuous cognitive development across the lifespan.


  True