6.3 Research Studies in Sleep and Dreaming

Cards (46)

  • What do dream diaries record in sleep research?
    Dream narratives
  • REM sleep is highly associated with vivid dreaming.
  • The study by Dement and Kleitman revealed that REM sleep is highly associated with vivid dreaming.
  • What does polysomnography measure during sleep?
    Brain waves, heart rate, eye movements, muscle activity
  • Sleep deprivation studies can observe the effects on cognitive performance and mood.
    True
  • What are the three methodologies used in sleep research as mentioned in the text?
    Polysomnography, dream diaries, sleep deprivation
  • What does EEG measure in polysomnography?
    Brain waves
  • Arrange the key findings of Kleitman and Aserinsky's sleep studies in chronological order:
    1️⃣ Discovery of REM sleep
    2️⃣ Observation of distinct sleep stages
    3️⃣ Demonstration that the sleep cycle repeats
  • Which researchers' studies are highlighted as significantly advancing our understanding of sleep and its functions?
    Dement and Kleitman
  • Sleep deprivation is used in research to observe its effects on cognitive performance, mood, and physical health.
    True
  • fMRI measures changes in blood oxygenation
  • Which brain region shows increased activity during REM sleep according to fMRI studies?
    Limbic system
  • In lucid dreaming, the dreamer is aware that they are dreaming.

    True
  • Dement and Kleitman's studies highlighted the importance of REM sleep.

    True
  • REM sleep is strongly associated with vivid dreaming.

    True
  • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) detects metabolic activity and blood flow
  • In lucid dreaming, the dreamer is aware that they are dreaming
  • One ethical consideration in sleep research is managing the risk of sleep deprivation
  • Validity in research refers to the extent to which a study measures what it claims to measure
  • Which physiological and psychological processes are studied in sleep research?
    Those occurring during sleep
  • Kleitman and Aserinsky's studies demonstrated that the sleep cycle repeats throughout the night.

    True
  • Polysomnography measures brain waves using an EEG
  • What is REM sleep associated with in early sleep studies?
    Vivid dreaming
  • PET scans detect metabolic activity and blood flow in the brain.
    True
  • What do dream diaries reveal about the content of dreams?
    Common themes and imagery
  • What right do participants have in sleep research studies?
    Withdrawal rights
  • Who conducted early sleep studies in the 1950s that identified REM sleep?
    Kleitman and Aserinsky
  • What does fMRI measure to infer brain activity during sleep research?
    Blood oxygenation
  • Lucid dreaming involves awareness of dreaming and control over dream content.

    True
  • Ethical considerations in sleep research prioritize participant well-being and data integrity.
    True
  • Reliability in research refers to the consistency and reproducibility of findings.

    True
  • Polysomnography uses EEG to measure brain waves.
  • Which researchers conducted key studies on REM sleep and dreaming?
    Dement and Kleitman
  • Match the methodology with its description:
    Polysomnography ↔️ Measures brain waves, heart rate, eye movements, and muscle activity
    Dream diaries ↔️ Records dream content upon awakening
    Sleep deprivation ↔️ Deliberately limits sleep to observe effects
  • Sleep deprivation studies can observe the effects on cognitive performance and mood.

    True
  • Kleitman and Aserinsky discovered REM sleep and its association with vivid dreaming.
  • What does polysomnography measure during sleep studies?
    Brain waves, heart rate, eye movements, muscle activity
  • Order the discoveries made by Kleitman and Aserinsky in their early sleep studies.
    1️⃣ Identified REM sleep
    2️⃣ Discovered REM-NREM sleep stages
    3️⃣ Demonstrated the cyclical nature of sleep
  • Lucid dreaming contrasts with regular dreaming in its level of awareness
  • Match the characteristic with the type of dreaming:
    Awareness ↔️ Lucid Dreaming
    Limited Control ↔️ Regular Dreaming