3.2.1.4 Critiques of Ontological Arguments

• The ontological argument relies on empirical evidence.

  False
• What does the ontological argument define God as in its first premise?

  Greatest possible being
• Existence is considered a perfection in the ontological argument.


  True
• Why does the ontological argument claim that existence in reality is superior to existence in mind?

  It is more perfect
• Gaunilo argued that the ontological argument could "prove" the existence of any imaginary perfect being.

  True
• If something exists only in the mind, it is not the greatest possible being
• Gaunilo's perfect island analogy demonstrates the flaw in deducing existence from definition
• Why does Kant view the ontological argument as a tautological argument?

  It assumes God's existence
• The critiques of the ontological argument do not definitively prove that God cannot exist
• One of the main premises of the ontological argument is that God is the greatest possible being
• The ontological argument claims that existence is a form of perfection
• What example did Gaunilo use to critique the ontological argument?

  Perfect island
• Existence is considered a perfection in the ontological argument.


  True
• Who proposed the critique of the ontological argument using the perfect island analogy?

  Gaunilo
• Immanuel Kant argued that existence cannot be considered a predicate
• What is the key criticism of the ontological argument presented by Gaunilo?

  Perfect island analogy
• The ontological argument attempts to logically deduce God's existence without relying on empirical evidence
• What is the premise defining God in the ontological argument?

  God is the greatest possible being
• The ontological argument relies on empirical evidence to prove God's existence.

  False
• What is the term for Gaunilo's critique that reduces the ontological argument to an absurd conclusion?

  Reductio ad absurdum
• Match Kant's critiques with their descriptions:

  Existence as a predicate ↔️ Existence does not add new information to a concept

  Tautological argument ↔️ The ontological argument assumes God's existence
• The ontological argument attempts to prove God's existence based solely on the definition or concept of God
• If something exists only in the mind, according to the ontological argument, it is not the greatest possible being
• The conclusion of the ontological argument is that God exists.


  True
• Who challenged the ontological argument using the example of a perfect island?

  Gaunilo
• What is the conclusion of the ontological argument regarding God's existence?

  God exists
• Gaunilo argued that defining a being as perfect necessitates its existence in reality.

  False
• Kant believed that existence adds new characteristics to a concept.

  False