2.1. Just War Theory

• What is the purpose of Just War Theory?

  To determine moral justification of war
• Match the thinker with their contribution to Just War Theory:

  Cicero ↔️ Established core principles of just cause

  Augustine ↔️ Emphasized just authority and proportionality

  Thomas Aquinas ↔️ Developed last resort and incorporated Christian theology

  Francisco de Vitoria ↔️ Expanded to protect innocent civilians

  Hugo Grotius ↔️ Codified into international law
• What is the primary goal of the discrimination criterion in Jus in Bello?

  Avoid harming civilians
• The Jus in Bello criteria are designed to complement the Jus ad Bellum criteria.


  True
• Just War Theory has its roots in the writings of ancient philosophers such as Cicero, St. Augustine, and St. Thomas Aquinas.


  True
• Chronological order of key contributors to Just War Theory:

  1️⃣ Cicero

  2️⃣ St. Augustine

  3️⃣ St. Thomas Aquinas

  4️⃣ Francisco de Vitoria

  5️⃣ Hugo Grotius
• What is one challenge of applying Just War Theory in real-world conflicts?

  Vague criteria
• The primary purpose of war should be self-interest, according to Just War Theory

  False
• The expected benefits of war must outweigh the expected harm, according to the proportionality criterion


  True
• What does the Jus in Bello criterion of discrimination require combatants to avoid?

  Harming civilians
• One of the Jus ad Bellum criteria is last resort
• Thomas Aquinas developed the concept of last resort.
• Match the Jus in Bello criterion with its description:

  Discrimination ↔️ Avoid harming civilians

  Proportionality ↔️ Military benefits outweigh harm
• War must be in response to a grave injustice or threat
• War must respond to a grave injustice or threat
• The Just War Theory outlines criteria for Jus in Bello, which refers to the right conduct during war
• Match the Just War Theory criterion with its description:

  Just Cause ↔️ War must respond to grave injustice

  Right Intention ↔️ Primary purpose is to address just cause

  Proper Authority ↔️ War declared by legitimate government

  Proportionality ↔️ Benefits outweigh harm

  Last Resort ↔️ All peaceful alternatives exhausted
• Which philosopher established the core principles of just cause and right intention in Just War Theory?

  Cicero
• What does the Jus ad Bellum criterion of proportionality require?

  Benefits outweigh harm
• Critics argue that Just War Theory fails to address issues like terrorism and cyber warfare.


  True