8.1. Thermal Energy Transfer

• Match the method of thermal energy transfer with its mechanism:

  Conduction ↔️ Molecular collisions

  Convection ↔️ Fluid movement

  Radiation ↔️ Electromagnetic waves
• Match the method of thermal energy transfer with its example:

  Conduction ↔️ Metal spoon in hot coffee

  Convection ↔️ Hot air rising in a room

  Radiation ↔️ Sunlight warming the Earth
• In convection, heat is transferred by the movement of fluids
• What is the primary mechanism of heat transfer in convection?

  Fluid movement
• What is an example of convection in a room?

  Hot air rising
• What is an example of convection mentioned in the study material?

  Warm air rising
• At what speed does radiation travel?

  Speed of light
• What is the process by which heat moves from a warmer object to a cooler one called?

  Thermal energy transfer
• What is the primary difference between conduction, convection, and radiation in terms of medium requirement?

  Radiation needs no medium
• Conduction requires the movement of fluids to transfer heat.

  False
• Convection occurs when hotter fluid rises and cooler fluid sinks
• In conduction, heat is transferred through a solid due to molecular collisions
• Conduction transfers heat through solid materials due to molecular collisions
• Steps in the mechanism of convection

  1️⃣ Heat is absorbed by the fluid, causing it to expand

  2️⃣ The less dense fluid rises while cooler, denser fluid sinks

  3️⃣ The circulation of the fluid carries heat
• In convection, heat is absorbed by the fluid, causing it to expand and become less dense
• Warm ocean currents carry heat from the equator to the poles
• Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.
• Radiation travels at a speed of 3 x 10^8 m/s, which is the speed of light.
• Conduction happens within solids, convection requires a fluid, and radiation can occur through a vacuum.


  True
• Conduction and convection require a physical medium, while radiation does not.


  True
• Convection and conduction both require a physical medium
• What type of medium is required for convection to occur?

  Fluid
• At what speed does radiation travel?

  Speed of light
• Convection is used in heating systems to circulate warm air
• Sunlight warms the Earth's surface through radiation
• Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves
• What is one application of conduction in cookware?

  Heat transfer to food
• What type of radiation is used in remote controls?

  Infrared
• Thermal energy transfer is the movement of heat from a warmer object to a cooler object
• Radiation transfers heat through electromagnetic waves
• Radiation requires a physical medium for heat transfer.

  False
• Convection is the transfer of heat by the movement of liquids or gases
• Cooler, denser fluid sinks while less dense fluid rises in convection.

  True
• Convection is unique because it requires fluid movement to transfer heat.


  True
• Radiation can travel through a vacuum, unlike convection and conduction.

  True
• Match the heat transfer mode with its mechanism:

  Conduction ↔️ Molecular collisions

  Convection ↔️ Fluid movement

  Radiation ↔️ Electromagnetic waves
• Order the following heat transfer methods from least to most dependent on physical medium:

  1️⃣ Radiation

  2️⃣ Convection

  3️⃣ Conduction
• Heat transfer through a solid material due to molecular collisions is called conduction
• What is the primary mechanism of heat transfer in conduction?

  Molecular collisions
• Convection differs from radiation in that it requires fluid movement.


  True