5.1.2 Genetic Inheritance

• What are genes located on?

  Chromosomes
• Genes are segments of DNA
• Alleles determine an individual's genotype
• Genetic inheritance involves traits passed through genes on chromosomes.


  True
• Genes determine traits passed from parents to offspring.


  True
• What are alleles?

  Different forms of a gene
• What is the phenotype of a homozygous dominant genotype (BB)?

  Expresses the dominant trait
• Traits are passed through genes located on chromosomes
• What is the role of genes in inheritance?

  Determine traits passed from parents
• What is the primary function of genes?

  Make specific proteins
• Match the type of inheritance with its description:

  Genetic Inheritance ↔️ Traits passed through genes

  Cultural Inheritance ↔️ Knowledge passed through learning

  Environmental Inheritance ↔️ Traits influenced by environment
• Dominant alleles express their traits even when paired with a recessive allele.


  True
• In a heterozygous genotype, the dominant allele typically determines the phenotype.


  True
• Match the type of inheritance with its method of transfer:

  Genetic Inheritance ↔️ Sexual or asexual reproduction

  Cultural Inheritance ↔️ Teaching, imitation, experience

  Environmental Inheritance ↔️ N/A
• Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific proteins.
• Organisms inherit two alleles for each gene, one from each parent
• The dominant allele determines the expressed phenotype, even when paired with a recessive allele.
• What is a phenotype?

  Observable physical traits
• What phenotype is expressed by an individual with a homozygous recessive genotype (bb)?

  Expresses the recessive trait
• During gamete formation, each gamete receives only one allele for each trait.
• The Law of Segregation states that each individual has two alleles
• The Law of Independent Assortment applies to genes located on the same chromosome

  False
• What do Mendelian laws explain about traits?

  How traits are passed down
• What is the possible genotype ratio of offspring from a cross between Bb and bb parents?

  25% Bb, 75% bb
• Genes are segments of DNA
• What are alleles different forms of a gene located on?

  Chromosomes
• Genes determine traits passed from parents to offspring
• What does homozygous mean?

  Identical alleles
• An organism's phenotype is determined by its genotype
• What are alleles?

  Different forms of a gene
• What is the genotype of an individual with brown eyes if they have one dominant allele (B) and one recessive allele (b)?

  Bb
• In a heterozygous genotype, the dominant allele masks the expression of the recessive allele.


  True
• Match the genotype with its phenotype expression:

  Homozygous Dominant (BB) ↔️ Expresses the dominant trait

  Homozygous Recessive (bb) ↔️ Expresses the recessive trait

  Heterozygous (Bb) ↔️ Expresses the dominant trait; recessive trait is masked
• What does the Law of Segregation state?

  Alleles segregate during gamete formation
• What are the Mendelian laws foundational to understanding?

  Genetic inheritance
• What combines during fertilization according to the Law of Segregation?

  One allele from each parent
• What does the Law of Independent Assortment enhance in offspring?

  Genetic diversity
• Steps to use a Punnett square to predict offspring genotypes

  1️⃣ Identify the genotypes of the parents

  2️⃣ Write the possible gametes from each parent

  3️⃣ Fill in the Punnett square
• Match the type of inheritance with its method of transfer:

  Genetic Inheritance ↔️ Sexual or asexual reproduction

  Cultural Inheritance ↔️ Teaching, imitation, experience

  Environmental Inheritance ↔️ N/A
• Chromosomes transmit genetic information during cell division