3.2.2 Enzyme Activity

• Enzymes are consumed during catalysis.

  False
• Enzymes function most efficiently at their optimal temperature.
• What is the typical optimal pH for most enzymes?

  pH 7
• The enzyme-substrate complex forms when a substrate binds to the active site.
• What happens to enzyme activity as temperature increases to the optimal level?

  Increases
• What is the typical optimal pH for enzyme activity?

  pH 7
• What happens to enzyme activity as substrate concentration increases until saturation?

  Increases then plateaus
• Steps to design an enzyme activity experiment

  1️⃣ Identify the independent variable

  2️⃣ Determine the dependent variable

  3️⃣ Set up control conditions

  4️⃣ Vary the independent variable

  5️⃣ Measure the dependent variable

  6️⃣ Analyze the results
• Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.


  True
• Enzymes are consumed during the chemical reactions they facilitate.

  False
• Enzymes reduce the activation energy
• The temperature at which an enzyme functions most efficiently is called its optimal temperature.
• Common control variables in enzyme experiments include temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration.


  True
• High temperatures always increase enzyme activity.

  False
• Changes in pH can denature enzymes, rendering them inactive.


  True
• At the optimal pH, the enzyme's active site is in the correct conformation
• Enzyme activity plateaus when all active sites are occupied, a phenomenon called enzyme saturation.

  True
• What is an example of an independent variable in an enzyme activity experiment?

  Temperature
• Match the control variable with its purpose:

  Temperature ↔️ Maintain enzymes at optimal activity level

  pH ↔️ Prevent enzyme denaturation or conformation changes
• What does spectrophotometry measure in enzyme activity experiments?

  Change in light absorbance
• What are the two crucial steps in understanding enzyme activity experiments?

  Data analysis and interpretation
• Graphs like line graphs and bar charts visually represent relationships between independent and dependent variables
• Tables are used to summarize key data points
• Enzyme activity decreases at temperatures above the optimal range due to denaturation.


  True
• Two key factors that significantly affect enzyme activity are temperature and pH
• Enzyme activity reaches a maximum and plateaus when all active sites are occupied, a phenomenon called enzyme saturation
• What enzyme is used in brewing to clarify beer and enhance its flavor?

  Proteases
• What are enzymes described as in biology?

  Biological catalysts
• Match the component of an enzyme with its function:

  Enzyme Structure ↔️ Determines specificity and efficiency

  Active Site ↔️ Binds substrate and facilitates reaction

  Substrate ↔️ Reacts and transforms into products

  Catalysis ↔️ Speeds up the reaction process
• Order the effect of temperature on enzyme activity from low to high:

  1️⃣ Low temperature: decreased activity

  2️⃣ Optimal temperature: highest activity

  3️⃣ High temperature: denaturation, no activity
• If the pH moves away from the optimal range, the enzyme's active site loses its correct conformation.
• Increasing temperature always increases enzyme activity indefinitely.

  False
• Excessively high temperatures can denature enzymes, causing them to lose activity.


  True
• Enzymes can denature if the pH moves away from their optimal range.

  True
• Enzyme saturation occurs when all active sites are occupied by substrate molecules.
• What is the purpose of control variables in enzyme activity experiments?

  Isolate the effect
• What is the role of the active site in enzyme function?

  Binds substrates
• The region on an enzyme where substrates bind is called the active site
• Steps describing the effect of temperature on enzyme activity

  1️⃣ Temperature increases, providing more kinetic energy

  2️⃣ Enzyme activity increases

  3️⃣ Temperature reaches optimal level for activity

  4️⃣ Excessive temperature causes denaturation
• Enzymes function best within a specific optimal pH range.


  True