3.5.3.1 Factors Influencing Criminal and Deviant Behaviour

• Deviant behavior is always illegal.

  False
• Which sociological perspective views crime as necessary to clarify moral boundaries?

  Functionalism
• Order the major sociological perspectives on criminal behavior based on their primary focus:

  1️⃣ Functionalism: Reinforces social cohesion

  2️⃣ Conflict Theory: Arises from inequalities

  3️⃣ Interactionism: Learned through labeling

  4️⃣ Strain Theory: Results from societal gaps
• Match the sociological perspective with its view on criminal behavior:

  Functionalism ↔️ Clarifies moral boundaries

  Conflict Theory ↔️ Product of social inequalities

  Interactionism ↔️ Result of learning and labeling

  Strain Theory ↔️ Response to societal strain
• Imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin can affect mood and aggression
• Distorted thought patterns, such as hostile attribution bias, can contribute to criminal justification
• Criminal behavior refers to actions that violate the law
• Criminal behavior is punishable by the criminal justice system.

  True
• Arrange the major sociological perspectives on criminal behavior based on their key ideas:

  1️⃣ Functionalism

  2️⃣ Conflict Theory

  3️⃣ Interactionism

  4️⃣ Strain Theory
• Match the biological factor with its explanation:

  Genetics ↔️ Linked to aggression or impulsivity

  Brain Structure/Function ↔️ Abnormalities in impulse control regions

  Neurotransmitters ↔️ Imbalances affect mood and aggression

  Hormones ↔️ Testosterone linked to risk-taking
• Social learning theory suggests criminal behavior is learned through social interactions and observations.
• Deviance is defined by societal reactions and labels
• The labeling process can become a self-fulfilling prophecy.

  True
• Criminal behavior violates the law, while deviant behavior violates social norms
• Research suggests certain genetic predispositions may increase the likelihood of engaging in criminal acts, such as genes linked to aggression or impulsivity
• Match the biological factor with its explanation:

  Genetics ↔️ Linked to aggression and impulsivity

  Brain Structure/Function ↔️ Abnormalities affect impulse control

  Neurotransmitters ↔️ Imbalances affect mood and self-control

  Hormones ↔️ Testosterone linked to aggression
• Through observational learning, individuals may learn techniques for committing crimes
• Social learning theory contrasts with conflict theory, which attributes crime to broader social inequalities and imbalances
• Strain theory contrasts with social learning theory.

  True
• Conflict theory views deviance as a product of social inequalities.


  True
• Control theories emphasize external factors in criminal behavior.

  False
• Both control theories suggest strong social bonds deter crime.


  True
• Children learn behaviors through social learning within the family
• What is the definition of criminal behavior?

  Violates the law
• Match the type of behavior with its consequences:

  Criminal Behavior ↔️ Punishment by the criminal justice system

  Deviant Behavior ↔️ Social stigma and ostracization
• Interactionism argues that crime results from learning and being labeled
• Functionalism views crime as necessary to define social norms
• Certain genetic predispositions may increase the likelihood of engaging in criminal acts.

  True
• Substance abuse disorders can increase the risk of criminal behavior.


  True
• Match the psychological factor with its explanation:

  Personality Traits ↔️ Impulsivity and lack of empathy

  Mental Disorders ↔️ Effects on impulse control

  Cognitive Biases ↔️ Distorted thought patterns
• Deviant behavior includes actions such as wearing unconventional clothing
• Examples of criminal behavior include theft, assault, and murder
• Biological factors influencing criminal behavior include genetics, brain structure, and neurotransmitters
• Hostile attribution bias involves interpreting ambiguous situations as hostile.


  True
• Labeling theory suggests that deviant behavior is influenced by societal reactions and labels.
• Match the perspective with its key idea:

  Labeling Theory ↔️ Deviance is defined by societal reactions

  Functionalism ↔️ Deviance reinforces social cohesion

  Conflict Theory ↔️ Deviance arises from inequalities

  Interactionism ↔️ Deviance is learned through social interactions
• Control theories emphasize external factors in shaping criminal behavior.

  False
• Match the sociological perspective with its view on criminal behavior:

  Functionalism ↔️ Crime reinforces social norms

  Conflict Theory ↔️ Crime arises from social inequalities

  Interactionism ↔️ Crime is learned through labeling

  Strain Theory ↔️ Crime results from societal strain
• Mental disorders can impair impulse control and moral reasoning.


  True
• Strain theory suggests criminal behavior arises from the gap between societal goals and legitimate means