3.3.4 Comparing Judiciaries

• What is the primary role of the judiciary in a political system?

  Interpreting laws and resolving disputes
• What are the key functions of the judiciary?

  Interpreting laws, resolving disputes, and conducting legal proceedings
• Common law judiciaries have greater independence from other branches compared to civil law judiciaries.

  True
• Arrange the following functions of the judiciary in their logical order:

  1️⃣ Interpreting laws and regulations

  2️⃣ Resolving legal disputes

  3️⃣ Conducting legal proceedings
• In a common law judiciary, the basis of law is judge-made precedent
• Judicial reasoning in a common law judiciary is inductive and case-by-case.


  True
• In a common law judiciary, judges are often appointed by the executive branch
• Match the structural characteristic with the correct judiciary type:

  Hierarchical court structure ↔️ Common Law Judiciary

  Specialized jurisdiction ↔️ Civil Law Judiciary
• What is the scope of judicial review in a civil law judiciary?

  Limited power
• What role do common law judiciaries play in interpreting laws?

  Active
• Order the following roles of common law judiciaries from most active to most passive:

  1️⃣ Judicial Review

  2️⃣ Interpretation of Laws

  3️⃣ Dispute Resolution
• The basis of law in common law judiciaries is precedent-based, also known as judge-made law
• The judiciary is responsible for interpreting laws and administering justice
• The basis of law in a common law judiciary is precedent
• Which countries use common law systems?

  UK, USA, Canada, Australia
• What does a political system provide for its people?

  Legal frameworks and rights
• Which branch of government is responsible for creating codified laws in a civil law system?

  Legislature
• What type of judicial tenure is common in civil law systems?

  Fixed terms
• How are judges typically selected in a civil law judiciary?

  Competitive exams
• In a common law judiciary, judges play an active role in interpreting and developing the law
• Civil law judiciaries have a specialized jurisdiction focused on specific areas of codified law
• Match the term with its definition or function:

  Judiciary ↔️ Interprets laws and administers justice

  Political System ↔️ Formal and informal structures governing a state

  Judicial Review ↔️ Determines if laws comply with the constitution
• Order the judicial reasoning processes of common law and civil law systems from specific to general:

  1️⃣ Inductive (Common Law)

  2️⃣ Deductive (Civil Law)
• Civil law judiciaries have specialized jurisdiction focused on specific areas of codified law.
• Common law judiciaries interpret laws through precedents, while civil law judiciaries apply codified laws.


  True
• Common law judiciaries have a stronger role in upholding the constitution
• Steps in the judicial selection process in civil law systems:

  1️⃣ Competitive exams

  2️⃣ Career progression

  3️⃣ Fixed terms
• Civil law judiciaries are more susceptible to political influence
• Match the term with its definition:

  Judiciary ↔️ Interprets laws and administers justice

  Political System ↔️ Governs people through formal structures

  Judicial Review ↔️ Ensures laws comply with the constitution
• Common law is based on precedent, while civil law is based on codified law.


  True
• The structure of common law courts is hierarchical, while civil law courts are more decentralized.


  True
• The hierarchical court structure in common law systems allows for the development of precedent.


  True
• The decentralized court structure in civil law systems is tailored to enforcing specific legal codes.


  True
• Common law judiciaries have a stronger role in upholding the constitution compared to civil law systems.

  True
• Judges in common law systems have greater independence from the executive branch due to lifetime tenure.


  True
• Common law judiciaries can play a more active and impartial role in interpreting the law due to their independence.

  True
• The balance of power between government branches is influenced by the degree of judicial independence.


  True
• Judicial review allows courts to review laws for compliance with the constitution.

  True
• Judges in civil law systems focus on applying codified laws rather than actively interpreting them.

  True
• The judiciary ensures the consistent and fair application of laws in a political system.


  True