2.2 Enzymes

• What is the function of enzymes in living organisms?

  Speed up chemical reactions
• Enzymes are highly specific to their substrates.


  True
• Match the enzyme type with its function:

  Ligases ↔️ Joins molecules using ATP

  Oxidoreductases ↔️ Transfers electrons

  Isomerases ↔️ Rearranges molecular structure

  Lyases ↔️ Forms or breaks double bonds
• What is the reaction speed of enzymes compared to inorganic catalysts?

  Extremely fast
• Inorganic catalysts are less specific and often require higher temperatures and pressures
• Enzymes react extremely fast
• What molecule is required by ligases to form new bonds?

  ATP
• Which enzyme converts glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate?

  Phosphoisomerase
• What does the Lock and Key Theory propose about enzyme-substrate interaction?

  Perfect match of shapes
• What type of fit does the Induced Fit Theory describe between enzyme and substrate?

  Flexible fit
• What type of molecules are enzymes?

  Proteins
• How do inorganic catalysts differ from enzymes in specificity?

  Less specific
• Enzymes facilitate reactions by lowering the activation energy required.


  True
• Enzymes react extremely fast compared to inorganic catalysts.


  True
• Hydrolases add water to break bonds in molecules.
• Isomerases rearrange molecules without adding or removing any atoms.
• In the Induced Fit Theory, the active site is flexible and adjusts to the substrate.
• Enzymes function best at a pH of approximately 6 to 8.
• A competitive inhibitor binds to the enzyme's active site.
• Match the characteristic with the correct type of catalyst:

  Proteins ↔️ Enzymes

  Metals or inorganic compounds ↔️ Inorganic Catalysts
• Hydrolases catalyze hydrolysis reactions by adding water
• Dehydrogenases are examples of oxidoreductases.


  True
• Inorganic catalysts function optimally at physiological temperature and pH.

  False
• What are enzymes composed of?

  Proteins
• What is the name of the region on an enzyme where substrates bind?

  Active site
• Categorize enzymes based on the types of reactions they catalyze.

  1️⃣ Hydrolases

  2️⃣ Ligases

  3️⃣ Transferases

  4️⃣ Oxidoreductases

  5️⃣ Isomerases

  6️⃣ Lyases
• Oxidoreductases catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions by transferring electrons
• Match the type of enzyme with its function:

  Hydrolases ↔️ Break down molecules by adding water

  Ligases ↔️ Join two molecules using ATP

  Transferases ↔️ Transfer functional groups

  Lyases ↔️ Create or remove double bonds
• The Induced Fit Theory suggests that the active site changes shape upon substrate binding.


  True
• What is the role of enzymes in metabolic processes?

  Speed up reactions
• The active site of an enzyme is shaped to fit the substrate, making enzymes highly specific.


  True
• Match the characteristics with the type of catalyst:

  Specificity ↔️ Enzymes: Highly specific ||| Inorganic catalysts: Less specific

  Reaction Conditions ↔️ Enzymes: Physiological temperature and pH ||| Inorganic catalysts: High temperature and pressure
• What is the composition of inorganic catalysts?

  Metals or inorganic compounds
• What type of reaction do hydrolases catalyze?

  Hydrolysis
• What type of reaction do oxidoreductases catalyze?

  Oxidation-reduction
• Which enzyme breaks down starch into smaller sugars?

  Amylase
• What happens to enzyme activity if the temperature increases above the optimal level?

  Denaturation
• What are the two main types of enzyme inhibitors?

  Competitive and non-competitive
• What are some applications of enzyme inhibitors?

  Medicine, agriculture, industry
• Enzymes are biological catalysts