3.5.1 The Decline of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1918)

• The reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II was marked by autocratic rule and corruption
• The Young Turks' military coup was led by officers from the Committee of Union and Progress
• What was the Young Turks Revolution of 1908 a pivotal event for the Ottoman Empire?

  Accelerated its decline
• What was the main ideological goal of the Young Turks?

  Restore the 1876 constitution
• Match the consequence of the Young Turks Revolution with its impact:

  Constitutional Rule ↔️ Power centralized under the CUP

  Political Instability ↔️ Continued infighting and purges

  Increased Nationalism ↔️ Exacerbated ethnic tensions

  Foreign Intervention ↔️ Attracted foreign interest in Ottoman affairs
• Nationalism among ethnic groups like the Armenians, Kurds, and Arabs led to separatist movements
• What external factor combined with internal issues to accelerate the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

  World War I
• Foreign intervention in economic affairs strengthened domestic industries in the Ottoman Empire.

  False
• The Armenian Genocide of 1915-1917 was an example of forced migration and ethnic cleansing.


  True
• The Young Turks aimed to restore the 1876 constitution and establish a constitutional monarchy
• What were the long-term consequences of the Young Turks Revolution for the Ottoman Empire?

  Political instability and increased nationalism
• Match the consequence of World War I with its impact on the Ottoman Empire:

  Territorial Losses ↔️ Loss of Balkans, Middle East, and North Africa

  Weakening of the State ↔️ Economic and military decline

  Rise of Nationalist Movements ↔️ Fueled instability within the Empire
• The Ottoman Empire lost territories such as the Balkans, the Middle East, and North Africa
• What role did World War I play in the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

  Accelerated the decline
• Arrange the causes of the Young Turks Revolution in chronological order.

  1️⃣ Political Instability

  2️⃣ Economic Decline

  3️⃣ Rise of Nationalism

  4️⃣ Western Influence
• Sultan Abdul Hamid II was forced to reinstate the constitution and later abdicate
• What type of monarchy did the Young Turks aim to establish?

  Constitutional monarchy
• The Young Turks' revolution initially ushered in an era of constitutional rule


  True
• Lack of modernization in agriculture and manufacturing hindered economic growth in the Ottoman Empire


  True
• Sequence of causes leading to the decline of the Ottoman Empire

  1️⃣ Debt and foreign intervention

  2️⃣ Lack of modernization

  3️⃣ High taxation and discontent

  4️⃣ Rise of ethnic tensions
• The Ottoman Empire's involvement in World War I was a major external factor contributing to its decline
• Which territories did the Ottoman Empire lose after World War I?

  Balkans, Middle East, North Africa
• The rise of nationalism within the Ottoman Empire was a major cause of its decline.


  True
• Arrange the consequences of the Young Turks Revolution in chronological order:

  1️⃣ Constitutional rule established

  2️⃣ Power centralized under the CUP

  3️⃣ Continued political instability

  4️⃣ Increased Turkish nationalism

  5️⃣ Foreign intervention in Ottoman affairs
• What was one major economic issue faced by the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century?

  Severe debt
• Match the internal factor contributing to the Ottoman Empire's decline with its impact:

  Economic Issues ↔️ Weakened domestic industries

  Ethnic Tensions ↔️ Rise of separatism
• The Ottoman Empire faced severe debt due to costly wars and lavish spending
• Nationalism among ethnic groups such as Armenians, Kurds, and Arabs led to separatist movements
• Major causes of the Young Turks Revolution of 1908

  1️⃣ Political Instability

  2️⃣ Economic Decline

  3️⃣ Rise of Nationalism

  4️⃣ Western Influence
• One consequence of the Young Turks Revolution was the initial establishment of constitutional rule
• The Ottoman Empire's involvement in World War I as an ally of Germany contributed to its decline
• Which country was the Ottoman Empire allied with during World War I?

  Germany
• The war effort strengthened the Ottoman state economically and militarily.

  False
• What were the post-war settlements focused on regarding the Ottoman Empire?

  Partition of territories
• What was the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) responsible for during the Young Turks Revolution?

  Military coup
• Summarize the consequences of the Young Turks Revolution in the correct order.

  1️⃣ Constitutional Rule

  2️⃣ Political Instability

  3️⃣ Increased Nationalism

  4️⃣ Foreign Intervention
• Sequence of actions taken by the Young Turks during the coup

  1️⃣ Military coup led by young officers

  2️⃣ Forcing Abdication of Sultan Abdul Hamid II

  3️⃣ Winning majority in subsequent elections
• What was the primary economic issue faced by the Ottoman Empire?

  Severe debt
• What was the Armenian Genocide of 1915-1917?

  Massacres and forced migrations
• Which side did the Ottoman Empire align with during World War I?

  Germany