2.6 Retrieving Memories

• What is memory retrieval?

  Accessing stored information
• What is recognition in memory retrieval?

  Identifying learned information
• Match the type of memory retrieval with its description:

  Recall ↔️ Actively remembering details without external cues

  Recognition ↔️ Identifying previously learned information

  Relearning ↔️ Memorizing information again, faster than initial learning
• Environmental cues are highly effective in triggering recall because they reinstate the original learning context.


  True
• What is the role of explicit cues in memory retrieval?

  Directly targeting the desired memory
• What is the term for actively remembering information without any prompts or cues?

  Recall
• Match the type of memory retrieval with its description:

  Recall ↔️ Actively remembering details without external cues

  Recognition ↔️ Identifying previously learned information when presented with it

  Relearning ↔️ Memorizing information again, typically faster
• What type of cue aligns with an individual's internal state during retrieval?

  State-Dependent Cue
• What type of retrieval method uses specific cues to aid memory retrieval?

  Cued Recall
• Which type of retrieval cue is influenced by mood or physiological state?

  State-Dependent Cue
• The encoding specificity principle suggests that contextual details during learning are irrelevant for retrieval.

  False
• Recall involves actively remembering details without external cues
• State-dependent cues are less reliable than environmental cues
• The encoding specificity principle states that memory retrieval is most effective when the retrieval environment or cues match the original encoding
• Match the retrieval method with its description:

  Free Recall ↔️ Retrieving information without prompts

  Cued Recall ↔️ Using specific cues to aid retrieval

  Recognition ↔️ Identifying learned information when presented
• Recognition involves actively generating information from memory without any presentation of choices.

  False
• Incorporating retrieval practice into your study routine is a highly effective strategy for consolidating and retaining learned information
• Understanding different types of memory retrieval helps us appreciate how memory functions in daily life.

  True
• Semantic cues, which are related to conceptual information, provide helpful context
• The encoding specificity principle states that memory retrieval is most effective when the retrieval environment or cues match the original encoding environment or cues
• Steps to apply the encoding specificity principle for effective memory retrieval:

  1️⃣ Encode information in a specific environment

  2️⃣ Retrieve information in the same environment

  3️⃣ Use matching cues during retrieval
• What is the effectiveness of explicit cues for memory retrieval?

  High
• Steps in using the peg system mnemonic technique:

  1️⃣ Associate items with visual pegs

  2️⃣ Create visual associations for recall

  3️⃣ Use pegs to retrieve items
• Memory retrieval involves accessing stored information and bringing it into conscious awareness.
• Relearning takes less time than initial learning.
• Retrieval cues provide contextual information to aid memory retrieval.
• How effective are state-dependent cues in memory retrieval?

  Moderate effectiveness
• The encoding specificity principle states that memory retrieval is most effective when the retrieval environment matches the encoding environment.


  True
• Recognition involves actively remembering information without cues.

  False
• Order the types of retrieval cues by their effectiveness, from highest to lowest:

  1️⃣ Environmental Cues

  2️⃣ Explicit Cues

  3️⃣ Semantic Cues

  4️⃣ State-Dependent Cues
• The encoding specificity principle states that memory retrieval is most effective when retrieval cues match the original encoding environment
• Recognition involves identifying previously learned information when presented
• The encoding specificity principle emphasizes matching retrieval cues with the original encoding context
• What example is given to illustrate the encoding specificity principle?

  Vocabulary words in a library
• Recognition requires external cues to identify previously learned information.


  True
• Semantic cues provide helpful context but are as powerful as environmental cues.

  False
• What is the encoding environment according to the encoding specificity principle?

  Context of initial learning
• In free recall, individuals retrieve information from memory without any external prompts
• State-dependent cues refer to the emotional or physical state aligned with when the information was encoded
• Match the memory retrieval method with its description:

  Recall ↔️ Actively remembering without cues

  Recognition ↔️ Identifying learned information

  Relearning ↔️ Memorizing information again