2.5 Storing Memories

• What is the process of getting information into memory called?

  Encoding
• What three factors aid long-term encoding?

  Attention, elaboration, organization
• What is the duration of echoic memory for hearing?

  Up to 4 seconds
• Long-term encoding transfers information with attention, elaboration, and organization.
• Short-term memory can hold information indefinitely without rehearsal.

  False
• Remembering a phone number by repeatedly saying it aloud is an example of using short-term memory.


  True
• Working memory is an active system that stores and processes information.

  True
• The capacity of STM is about 7 items.

  True
• Encoding is the process of getting information into memory.
• Elaboration involves connecting new information to existing knowledge during encoding.


  True
• Match the type of sensory memory with its sense:

  Iconic Memory ↔️ Vision

  Echoic Memory ↔️ Hearing

  Haptic Memory ↔️ Touch
• Match the type of LTM with its description:

  Explicit (Declarative) Memory ↔️ Consciously recalled facts

  Implicit (Non-Declarative) Memory ↔️ Skills and habits without awareness
• What is an example of declarative memory?

  Recalling personal memories
• Explicit memory requires intentional effort to retrieve information.


  True
• Which brain structure plays a crucial role in consolidating explicit memories?

  Hippocampus
• Short-term encoding holds information through rehearsal.


  True
• Echoic memory lasts up to 4 seconds.
• Sensory memory is the first stage of the memory process.

  True
• What is the approximate capacity of short-term memory?

  7 items
• Working memory manipulates and processes information stored in STM.


  True
• STM is responsible for storing information, while working memory stores and processes it.


  True
• How long can information last in long-term memory?

  Days to a lifetime
• Explicit memory requires intentional effort to retrieve information.
• Steps in the process of memory consolidation:

  1️⃣ Encoding sensory input

  2️⃣ Storing information in STM

  3️⃣ Stabilizing information into LTM
• What is a mnemonic used to remember the order of planets?

  My Very Educated Mother
• Short-term encoding holds information for up to 20 seconds, often through rehearsal.


  True
• Organization is the process of grouping information into meaningful categories to aid encoding.


  True
• Which type of sensory memory has the briefest duration?

  Iconic memory
• What is the duration of haptic memory for touch?

  Up to 2 seconds
• What is the primary function of working memory?

  Storage and processing
• What maintains information in STM through repetition?

  Rehearsal
• What is the primary function of STM?

  Temporary storage
• Which type of LTM involves remembering the capital of France?

  Explicit memory
• What is a key factor that influences encoding into LTM?

  Attention
• What is the duration of echoic memory for hearing?

  Up to 4 seconds
• Information in LTM can last from days to a lifetime.

  True
• Remembering the capital of France is an example of explicit memory.
• Steps involved in memory consolidation from STM to LTM:

  1️⃣ Encoding

  2️⃣ Storage in STM

  3️⃣ Consolidation
• What are the three main types of encoding?

  Sensory, short-term, long-term
• What is the duration of iconic memory in sensory memory?

  Less than 1 second