1.2.3 Programming paradigms

• What are programming paradigms in software development?

  Styles of programming
• Order the key principles of the imperative programming paradigm:

  1️⃣ Step-by-step control flow

  2️⃣ State modification
• Declarative programming focuses on specifying what needs to be achieved rather than how
• What is the main advantage of functional programming?

  Easier to test and debug
• What does imperative programming focus on to achieve a result?

  Explicit step-by-step instructions
• Declarative programming specifies what needs to be achieved rather than how to achieve it.


  True
• Imperative programming is easy to understand but can be complex for large projects
• Match the programming paradigm with its state management approach:

  Imperative ↔️ Mutable state

  Object-Oriented (OOP) ↔️ Encapsulated state

  Functional ↔️ Immutable state

  Declarative ↔️ Minimal state
• Functional programming relies on immutable state to avoid side effects.


  True
• The imperative paradigm focuses on how to achieve a result through explicit step-by-step instructions and state modification
• Functional programming is naturally parallelizable.


  True
• For which type of tasks is the functional paradigm best suited?

  Data processing and concurrency
• Declarative programming uses minimal state management.


  True
• What is the key principle of the functional programming paradigm?

  Immutability
• Each programming paradigm offers unique approaches to solving problems
• What are the three key principles of object-oriented programming?

  Encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism
• What is the primary focus of imperative programming?

  How to achieve a result
• Declarative programming requires the use of domain-specific languages
• Functional programming treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions without state
• What makes programming paradigms suitable for different problems and projects?

  Their key principles
• Functional programming is naturally parallelizable, making it suitable for concurrency.


  True
• What are the key principles of imperative programming?

  Sequence, selection, iteration
• Order the programming paradigms from most state-dependent to least state-dependent:

  1️⃣ Imperative

  2️⃣ Object-Oriented (OOP)

  3️⃣ Functional

  4️⃣ Declarative
• What are the key principles of the object-oriented programming (OOP) paradigm?

  Encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism
• What does the declarative paradigm specify rather than how to achieve it?

  What
• Order the following paradigms based on their state management approach:

  1️⃣ Imperative: Mutable state

  2️⃣ Object-Oriented: Encapsulated within objects

  3️⃣ Functional: Immutable state

  4️⃣ Declarative: Managed by the system
• Functional programming emphasizes immutability and pure function composition
• The imperative paradigm uses mutable state
• Object-Oriented Programming organizes code into objects with classes and methods.

  True
• OOP organizes code around encapsulated objects.


  True
• What is the functional paradigm's approach to state?

  Immutable
• OOP requires more planning
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) structures code around objects that encapsulate data and behavior.

  True
• The declarative programming paradigm specifies what needs to be achieved rather than how
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) uses encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism as key principles.


  True
• Match the programming paradigm with its key characteristic:

  Imperative ↔️ Mutable state

  Object-Oriented (OOP) ↔️ Encapsulated objects

  Functional ↔️ Immutable state

  Declarative ↔️ Declared relationships
• Functional programming emphasizes immutability and pure function composition
• Functional programming uses immutable state and pure function evaluation
• The imperative paradigm is strong for simple tasks and performance-critical systems
• What does object-oriented programming organize code around?

  Encapsulated objects