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3. Geographical Debates
3.3 Exploring Oceans
3.3.1 Oceanic Circulation and Marine Ecosystems
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Cards (100)
How can altered upwelling patterns affect marine ecosystems?
Reduce nutrient supply
What is the primary driver of thermohaline circulation?
Water density differences
What is an example of a current driven by thermohaline circulation?
Great Ocean Conveyor Belt
What is an example of a current driven by wind-driven circulation?
Gulf Stream
How does the Coriolis Effect influence wind-driven currents in the Northern Hemisphere?
Deflects currents to the right
Thermohaline circulation is primarily driven by wind friction.
False
What is the Coriolis Effect's primary influence on oceanic circulation?
Deflection of ocean currents
What is oceanic circulation driven by?
Two main drivers
Steps in wind-driven circulation
1️⃣ Wind friction on ocean surface
2️⃣ Surface water movement
3️⃣ Deflection by Coriolis Effect
4️⃣ Formation of surface currents
Match the role in a marine ecosystem with its function:
Producers ↔️ Create energy through photosynthesis
Consumers ↔️ Feed on producers or other consumers
Decomposers ↔️ Break down dead organic matter
Steps in thermohaline circulation
1️⃣ Density differences due to temperature and salinity
2️⃣ Deep water sinking
3️⃣ Slow-moving currents form
4️⃣ Distribution of heat and nutrients
Wind-driven circulation creates deep, slow-moving currents.
False
What drives wind-driven circulation?
Global wind patterns
In the Northern Hemisphere, which way does the Coriolis Effect deflect surface currents?
To the right
What is the effect of the Coriolis Effect on wind-driven circulation in the Southern Hemisphere?
Currents deflected to the left
What is the primary effect of wind patterns on oceanic circulation?
Creates surface currents
Match the role in a marine ecosystem with its function:
Producers ↔️ Photosynthesis
Consumers ↔️ Feed on other organisms
Decomposers ↔️ Break down dead matter
What role do consumers play in a marine ecosystem?
Feed on other organisms
Which organisms in marine ecosystems are responsible for creating energy through photosynthesis?
Phytoplankton and algae
What are examples of coastal ecosystems in marine environments?
Coral reefs, mangroves, estuaries
What is an example of a deep-moving current driven by thermohaline circulation?
Great Ocean Conveyor Belt
In which direction do deep currents flow in the Southern Hemisphere due to thermohaline circulation?
Counterclockwise
Secondary consumers in marine ecosystems feed directly on primary producers.
False
Wind-driven circulation refers to surface currents driven by global wind
patterns
Match the type of oceanic circulation with its driver:
Thermohaline Circulation ↔️ Density-driven by temperature and salinity
Wind-Driven Circulation ↔️ Surface friction from wind
Order the steps of how the Coriolis Effect influences wind-driven circulation in the Northern Hemisphere:
1️⃣ Earth's rotation deflects surface currents
2️⃣ Deflection occurs to the right
3️⃣ Large-scale circular current systems form
Warmer water is less
dense
, leading to thermohaline circulation when it rises
Density gradients drive thermohaline circulation, while friction between wind and ocean surfaces drives wind-driven
circulation
Open Ocean Ecosystems are characterized by low nutrient
levels
Coastal biomes are influenced by tides and
rivers
Producers in marine food webs use photosynthesis to create
energy
Decomposers recycle nutrients back into the
ecosystem
Thermohaline circulation is caused by differences in water temperature and
salinity
Wind-driven circulation is caused by the friction between wind and the ocean
surface
Order the steps in thermohaline circulation:
1️⃣ Surface water cools and becomes denser
2️⃣ Dense water sinks to the ocean floor
3️⃣ Deep water flows towards the equator
4️⃣ Water warms and rises to the surface
Match the Coriolis Effect's influence with the hemisphere:
Northern Hemisphere ↔️ Currents deflected to the right
Southern Hemisphere ↔️ Currents deflected to the left
What role does wind-driven circulation play in shaping marine ecosystems?
Distributes heat and nutrients
In the Northern Hemisphere, wind-driven circulation deflects currents to the
right
Thermohaline circulation is density-driven, while wind-driven circulation is driven by global wind
patterns
The Coriolis Effect is caused by the
Earth's
rotation.
True
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