2.3.2 Moral Anti-Realism:

• Moral Anti-Realism includes the exploration of Ethical Emotivism
• What does Moral Realism assert about moral statements?

  Moral statements can be true
• What does Moral Anti-Realism say about moral epistemology?

  Moral beliefs are subjective
• What does Moral Anti-Realism emphasize about moral statements?

  Subjective expressions of attitudes
• Moral Anti-Realism rejects the idea that moral statements refer to objective moral facts


  True
• Moral Realism believes that "Murder is wrong" reflects an objective moral truth


  True
• Moral anti-realism views moral claims as subjective expressions of personal or cultural preferences
• What does the cognitive view say about moral statements?

  They can be true or false
• Match the philosophical view with its characteristic:

  Cognitive View ↔️ Moral statements are objective truths

  Non-Cognitive View ↔️ Moral statements are subjective expressions
• Ethical subjectivism emphasizes that universality of moral standards is none
• What is Moral Anti-Realism?

  Moral statements express subjective attitudes
• Match the Moral Anti-Realism concepts with their descriptions:

  Ethical Subjectivism ↔️ Moral claims are based on individual beliefs

  Ethical Emotivism ↔️ Moral claims express emotions
• Moral Anti-Realism defines morality as statements that do not refer to objective moral facts
• Moral Anti-Realism contrasts with Moral Realism, which holds that objective moral truths exist
• Moral Anti-Realism denies the existence of objective moral truths
• What does Moral Realism consider as the basis for moral statements?

  Objective moral truths
• Moral statements can be objectively true or false based on independent moral facts
• What does moral realism hold about moral truths?

  They are objective
• The non-cognitive view sees moral statements as expressions of subjective attitudes, emotions, or preferences
• Moral ontology in the non-cognitive view holds that objective moral facts exist

  False
• Order the following philosophical views based on their stance on objective moral truths:

  1️⃣ Ethical Subjectivism: Denies their existence

  2️⃣ Moral Relativism: Accepts relative to cultures or societies

  3️⃣ Moral Realism: Affirms their existence
• Moral anti-realism is based on subjective attitudes, emotions, or cultural norms
• According to Moral Realism, what does the statement "Murder is wrong" reflect?

  Objective moral truth
• What does the Non-Cognitive View consider the statement "Causing unnecessary suffering is wrong" to express?

  Personal or cultural disapproval
• What does Ethical Subjectivism suggest is the source of moral disagreements?

  Differing personal feelings
• What is the role of objectivity in Ethical Emotivism?

  No objective moral facts
• Ethical Anti-Realism argues that "Causing unnecessary suffering is wrong" is an objective moral truth.

  False
• Moral realism holds that moral statements are expressions of subjective attitudes

  False
• In Moral Anti-Realism, moral claims are not objectively true
• What is the Cognitive View of moral statements?

  Objective moral truths
• The Non-Cognitive View holds that moral beliefs can represent objective knowledge.

  False
• Ethical Emotivism considers moral claims to be non-cognitive
• According to Moral Realism, what is the foundation of morality?

  Objective moral facts
• Moral Anti-Realism includes both cognitive and non-cognitive views


  True
• Moral Anti-Realism holds that moral statements are neither objectively true nor false


  True
• Moral Anti-Realism claims that objective moral facts or properties do not exist


  True
• Moral Anti-Realism believes that moral statements can be true or false

  False
• What is the basis of morality according to Moral Anti-Realism?

  Subjective preferences and emotions
• Moral Anti-Realism posits that moral beliefs are not objective knowledge
• Moral claims are objectively true or false according to moral anti-realism

  False