3.2 if Statements and Control Flow

• The path the program takes during execution based on a condition is called control flow.
• Steps in how a conditional statement works

  1️⃣ Evaluate the boolean expression

  2️⃣ Execute the code block if true

  3️⃣ Follow the control flow
• Comparison operators such as `<` are used to determine the truth or falsity of an expression in an `if` statement.
• Which logical operator inverts the boolean value of a condition?

  NOT
• Conditional statements determine the path the program takes based on the outcome of a boolean expression.


  True
• If the condition in an `if` statement is false, the code block is skipped.


  True
• The `OR` operator in `if (score >= 70 || attendance >= 90)` requires only one condition to be true for the entire expression to be true.
• What output will the code snippet `if (score >= 60) { System.out.println("Pass"); } else { System.out.println("Fail"); }` produce if `score` is 45?

  Fail
• The `else` clause is executed when the `if` condition is true

  False
• What is the purpose of conditional statements in programming?

  Control program flow
• What does a boolean expression evaluate to?

  True or false
• What is the fundamental conditional statement in programming?

  if statement
• Match the logical operator with its meaning:

  AND ↔️ Returns true if both conditions are true

  OR ↔️ Returns true if at least one condition is true

  NOT ↔️ Inverts the boolean value
• What is the primary purpose of conditional statements in programming?

  Control program flow
• In the provided example, what output will the program produce if the score is 75?

  Pass
• What will the code `if (score >= 60) { System.out.println("Pass"); }` print if `score` is 55?

  Nothing
• The `NOT` operator inverts the boolean value of a condition.


  True
• What will the code `if (!isAbsent) { System.out.println("Student is present"); }` print if `isAbsent` is true?

  Nothing
• The `else` clause provides an alternative code block to be executed when the `if` condition is false.
• Match the term with its meaning:

  `else` clause ↔️ Alternative code block for false conditions

  `if-else` statement ↔️ Two paths based on a condition
• Order the features of conditional statements, loops, and sequential statements based on control flow:

  1️⃣ Conditional Statements: Flexible

  2️⃣ Loops: Repetitive

  3️⃣ Sequential Statements: Linear
• If the condition in an `if` statement is false, the code block inside it is skipped


  True
• If the `AND` operator is used, both conditions must be true for the code block to execute


  True
• The AND (`&&`) logical operator combines conditions in `if` statements.
• The AND (`&&`) logical operator returns true only if both conditions are true.
• The AND (`&&`) logical operator requires both conditions to be true to return true.


  True
• The OR (`||`) logical operator returns true if at least one condition is true.
• The basic syntax of a single `if` statement includes a condition.
• The `else` clause extends the `if` statement by providing a code block for when the condition is false.
• The `if-else` statement creates two possible paths based on a condition.

  True
• What does the `elseif` statement allow programmers to do in a single `if-else` structure?

  Check multiple conditions
• The `elseif` statement provides a more concise and readable approach compared to multiple if statements.
• What grade is assigned to a score of 85 using the example code provided?

  B
• If a student scores 85 and has 92% attendance, the output is "Passed the test" and "Excellent attendance".
• The condition in a conditional statement must be a boolean expression that evaluates to true or false.

  True
• A boolean expression is a key component of the condition in a conditional statement.
• The condition in an if statement must be enclosed in parentheses.


  True
• The `&&` operator returns true if at least one of the conditions is true.

  False
• In a conditional statement, the condition is a boolean expression.
• The basic syntax of an `if` statement includes the keyword `if` followed by a condition in parentheses.