3.1.2 Conducting Experiments

• A research question is a specific, focused, and testable question about the relationship between variables
• Match the research question with its corresponding hypothesis:

  Does temperature affect enzyme activity? ↔️ Increasing temperature increases enzyme activity.

  What is the effect of light on plant growth? ↔️ Light promotes plant growth.

  How does pH affect seed germination? ↔️ Seeds germinate best at neutral pH.
• A hypothesis is an educated guess about the expected outcome of an experiment.


  True
• A hypothesis must be testable through experimentation
• Common equipment in experiments includes glassware, measuring devices, and protective equipment
• Steps in developing a detailed experimental procedure:

  1️⃣ List all materials needed

  2️⃣ Provide a step-by-step method

  3️⃣ Identify controls or variables

  4️⃣ Outline safety precautions

  5️⃣ Specify data collection methods
• Control groups or variables are used to isolate the effects of the independent variable.


  True
• Steps in data collection during an experiment

  1️⃣ Record observations in a data table

  2️⃣ Document qualitative information
• Control variables are factors that could influence the dependent variable and must be kept constant.

  True
• What are three common methods for collecting and recording data in an experiment?

  Data tables, graphs, notes
• Match the data analysis method with its description:

  Descriptive statistics ↔️ Summarizes data using mean, median, etc.

  Graphical analysis ↔️ Visualizes data using charts

  Statistical tests ↔️ Determines significance of results
• Steps in setting up the experimental setup

  1️⃣ Identify the independent variable

  2️⃣ Identify the dependent variable

  3️⃣ Determine the control variables

  4️⃣ Arrange the equipment and materials

  5️⃣ Double-check the setup and safety precautions
• Limitations in an experiment can impact the conclusions drawn from the data


  True
• A research question must be clear, focused, and testable
• A hypothesis proposes an explanation for the observed phenomenon
• A good experimental procedure begins with a list of necessary materials
• Ensuring all equipment is in working order helps ensure the experiment is carried out safely
• Why is it crucial to develop a detailed experimental procedure?

  To ensure replication and reliability
• What is the purpose of outlining safety precautions in an experimental procedure?

  To ensure participant safety
• What is the primary goal of following a detailed experimental procedure?

  To ensure accurate results
• Why is it important to double-check the experimental setup before starting an experiment?

  To ensure reliability
• Collecting data consistently and accurately throughout the experiment ensures reliable results.

  True
• What determines the choice of data analysis method in an experiment?

  Type of data and research question
• Consistency and accuracy are essential when collecting data to ensure reliability


  True
• The reliability of an experiment refers to its ability to produce consistent
• A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for an observed phenomenon that the experiment aims to test.


  True
• A research question guides the design of the experiment
• A research question aims to answer a specific, clear, and focused question.

  True
• Following a detailed experimental procedure ensures the experiment is conducted consistently and results are reliable.

  True
• A good experimental procedure should include a list of all necessary materials
• Gathering the necessary equipment and materials is the first step in conducting an experiment
• Collecting and recording data is a critical step in conducting an experiment
• Data analysis methods include descriptive statistics, graphical analysis, and statistical tests
• A research question asks a specific question, while a hypothesis proposes an explanation
• After collecting data, the next step is to analyze