5.2 Water Insecurity

• What does water insecurity refer to?

  Lack of reliable access
• What is one political cause of water insecurity?

  Unequal distribution of resources
• Order the categories of water insecurity causes from physical to economic to political:

  1️⃣ Physical

  2️⃣ Economic

  3️⃣ Political
• Which physical factor can lead to water insecurity?

  Drought
• What is one health consequence of water insecurity?

  Spread of waterborne diseases
• The inability to afford water infrastructure is an economic cause of water insecurity.


  True
• Match the cause of water insecurity with its description:

  Drought ↔️ Limited water availability

  Lack of investment ↔️ Inability to afford infrastructure

  Conflicts over rights ↔️ Unequal resource distribution
• Conflicts over water rights are a political cause of water insecurity.
• Water pollution can reduce water availability, leading to water insecurity.
• Severe drought in Cape Town led to strict water rationing.

  True
• The lead contamination in Flint, Michigan, resulted in legal battles and distrust in the government.

  True
• In Cape Town, a severe drought combined with political factors led to the city nearly running out of water in 2018
• Order the main causes of water insecurity from physical to political:

  1️⃣ Physical

  2️⃣ Economic

  3️⃣ Political
• Water insecurity can lead to the spread of waterborne diseases like cholera and dysentery
• Water disputes between Israel and Palestine are partly driven by disagreements over shared water sources
• International cooperation is a strategy to prevent conflicts over shared water bodies.


  True
• Order the strategies to manage water insecurity from least to most technologically advanced:

  1️⃣ Water Conservation

  2️⃣ Infrastructure Development

  3️⃣ Desalination and Water Recycling
• Limited water availability due to drought is a physical cause of water insecurity.
• Water pollution is a physical cause of water insecurity.
• Overexploitation of water resources is a physical cause of water insecurity.


  True
• The inability to afford water technology is an economic cause of water insecurity.


  True
• Match the case study with its primary consequence:

  Cape Town ↔️ Risk of disease outbreaks

  Flint ↔️ Developmental issues in children

  São Paulo ↔️ Reduced agricultural productivity
• The drought in Cape Town was exacerbated by a lack of political investment in water infrastructure.
• The economic inability to afford infrastructure upgrades was a cause of water insecurity in Flint, Michigan, USA.


  True
• Match the cause of water insecurity with its description:

  Physical ↔️ Limited water availability

  Economic ↔️ Inability to afford infrastructure

  Political ↔️ Unequal water distribution
• Conflicts over water rights between Israel and Palestine are an example of a political cause of water insecurity.


  True
• Insufficient water supplies can hamper economic development in water-dependent industries.

  True
• Match the strategy to manage water insecurity with its description:

  Water Conservation ↔️ Improving water use efficiency

  Infrastructure Development ↔️ Investing in water treatment plants

  Desalination and Water Recycling ↔️ Expanding water resources
• What is a drawback of desalination as a water management strategy?

  Energy-intensive and costly
• What contaminant caused water insecurity in Flint, Michigan?

  Lead
• What was the primary physical cause of water insecurity in Cape Town, South Africa?

  Severe drought
• What is the definition of water insecurity?

  Lack of reliable access
• What is an example of a physical cause of water insecurity?

  Severe droughts in California
• What type of consequence did Cape Town, South Africa, face due to water insecurity?

  Reduced crop yields
• What was a consequence of water insecurity in Flint, Michigan, USA?

  Elevated lead levels
• Water conservation includes measures like drought-resistant landscaping and public awareness campaigns