2.1 Spoken Language Acquisition

• At what stage do children begin using single words to communicate?

  One-word utterances
• Which factors influence the development of spoken language in children?

  Interaction, environment, maturation
• Match the stage of phonemic development with its characteristics:

  Pre-linguistic ↔️ Babbling and sound exploration

  Early Phonemic ↔️ First words with limited phonemes

  Expansion ↔️ Variety of phonemes with substitutions
• Cluster reduction is a phonological process that simplifies consonant clusters
• Syntax is crucial for clear communication
• Telegraphic speech includes articles and prepositions

  False
• Babbling involves the production of random sounds and vowel-like utterances


  True
• The pre-linguistic stage is crucial for later language development


  True
• Phonemic development is the process by which children learn to produce and perceive the phonemes
• Children may simplify their speech using phonological processes
• Understanding semantic development is crucial as it explains how children learn the meanings of words
• Children using two-word phrases express basic relationships between objects and actions.

  True
• Frequent and meaningful interactions with adults provide children with valuable language input
• Stages of spoken language acquisition

  1️⃣ Babbling

  2️⃣ One-word utterances

  3️⃣ Two-word utterances

  4️⃣ Telegraphic speech

  5️⃣ Complex sentences
• What is the defining characteristic of the one-word utterance stage?

  Using single words
• What is the age range for the pre-linguistic stage of phonemic development?

  0-6 months
• Vowels are typically learned before consonants in phonemic development.


  True
• What is the main goal of syntactic development?

  Constructing grammatically correct sentences
• Arrange the stages of syntactic development in order:

  1️⃣ One-word Utterances

  2️⃣ Two-word Utterances

  3️⃣ Telegraphic Speech

  4️⃣ Complex Sentences
• Engaging interactions with caregivers are crucial for semantic development.


  True
• In the prelinguistic stage of pragmatic development, infants use nonverbal communication like gestures and eye contact
• Frequent and meaningful interactions with caregivers provide valuable language input and opportunities to practice speaking skills
• What does the nativist theory propose about language acquisition?

  Innate ability to learn
• Match each theory with its main proponent:

  Nativist ↔️ Noam Chomsky

  Behaviorist ↔️ B.F. Skinner

  Interactionist ↔️ Lev Vygotsky

  Cognitive ↔️ Jean Piaget
• Broca's aphasia results in impaired speech production but preserved comprehension.


  True
• Longitudinal studies track language development in the same children over time.


  True
• What is the first developmental stage in spoken language acquisition called?

  Babbling
• Telegraphic speech involves short, grammatically simplified sentences
• Babbling is a crucial foundation for later language development in the pre-linguistic stage.

  True
• What is the first type of phoneme that children typically learn to produce?

  Vowels
• What is the primary focus of syntactic development?

  Grammatical structures
• Stages of syntactic development in the correct order

  1️⃣ One-word Utterances

  2️⃣ Two-word Utterances

  3️⃣ Telegraphic Speech

  4️⃣ Complex Sentences
• Understanding syntax is essential for clear communication
• The development of spoken language is influenced by interaction, the language environment, and cognitive maturation
• Match the stage of spoken language acquisition with its description:

  One-word Utterances ↔️ Children use single words to communicate

  Telegraphic Speech ↔️ Children use short, simplified sentences

  Complex Sentences ↔️ Children construct advanced grammatical structures
• Stages of phonemic development in the correct order

  1️⃣ Pre-linguistic

  2️⃣ Early Phonemic

  3️⃣ Expansion

  4️⃣ Stabilization

  5️⃣ Mastery
• Syntax is crucial for clear communication and expressing sophisticated ideas

  True
• Stages of semantic development by age range

  1️⃣ One-word Utterances (12-18 months)

  2️⃣ Two-word Phrases (18-24 months)
• What type of communication do infants use in the prelinguistic stage?

  Nonverbal communication
• What does a rich linguistic environment help children expand?

  Spoken language abilities