2.2.4 Telling Lies:

• Lying is the act of making a statement that one knows to be false
• Match the moral theory with its view on lying:

  Kantian Ethics ↔️ Lying is always morally wrong

  Utilitarianism ↔️ Lying may be permissible if it maximizes well-being
• Deontologists believe that lying is morally permissible if it produces a good outcome.

  False
• Deontologists believe that lying is permissible if it prevents harm to others.

  False
• What is the act of lying defined as?

  Intentional deception
• Match the moral theory with its view on lying:

  Kantian Ethics ↔️ Lying is always morally wrong

  Utilitarianism ↔️ Lying may be permissible if it maximizes overall well-being
• Deontological ethics focuses on moral rules
• Utilitarians may permit lying if it prevents serious harm.


  True
• Match the moral perspective with its view on lying:

  Deontological ↔️ Lying is always morally wrong

  Utilitarian ↔️ Lying may be permissible if it maximizes overall well-being
• Utilitarianism may justify lying if it maximizes overall happiness and well-being.


  True
• Kantian ethics states that lying is always wrong because it violates the categorical imperative
• What is the key deontological principle that lying violates according to Kant?

  Categorical Imperative
• Match the moral theory with its view on lying:

  Deontological Ethics ↔️ Lying is always morally wrong, as it violates moral duties and the Categorical Imperative

  Utilitarianism ↔️ Lying may be permissible if it maximizes overall happiness and well-being
• Under what condition might utilitarianism permit lying?

  To maximize happiness
• Kantian ethics argues that lying is always morally wrong.


  True
• Lying undermines the foundations of social relationships and institutions.


  True
• Why do deontologists argue that lying is morally impermissible?

  It violates the duty of honesty
• Consequentialist perspectives may justify lying if the benefits outweigh the harms
• What are the two key ethical considerations of lying?

  Breach of trust and consequences
• According to deontologists, what duty does lying violate?

  Duty of honesty
• Under utilitarianism, both lying and withholding information might be justified if they maximize overall happiness
• Lying can lead to lower self-respect and psychological stress.


  True
• What principle does Kantian ethics use to argue that lying is always wrong?

  Categorical Imperative
• According to Kantian ethics, lying violates the duty to never treat others merely as means
• What does deontological ethics emphasize about lying, even if it produces a good outcome?

  It is morally impermissible
• Utilitarianism may permit lying if it maximizes overall happiness and well-being.

  True
• What is the deontological argument against lying based on Kant's Categorical Imperative?

  It cannot be universalized
• Match the moral theory with its view on lying:

  Kantian Ethics ↔️ Lying is always morally wrong

  Utilitarianism ↔️ Lying may be permissible if it maximizes overall well-being
• Under what condition might utilitarianism permit lying?

  To maximize overall happiness
• What principle may justify lying in utilitarianism?

  Maximizing overall happiness
• Utilitarianism judges the morality of lying based on its outcomes
• What do deontologists believe about acting according to moral rules, even if breaking them leads to a better outcome?

  Moral rules must be followed
• Deontologists believe lying is always morally wrong, regardless of the consequences.


  True
• Match the action with its description:

  Lying ↔️ Stating a falsehood

  Withholding information ↔️ Omitting information
• From a Kantian ethics perspective, withholding information is always morally wrong.

  False
• Match the case study with its utilitarian justification for lying:

  Saving Anne Frank ↔️ Prevent harm and maximize happiness

  White Lies ↔️ Maintain social harmony

  Pleading Not Guilty ↔️ Prevent wrongful conviction
• Steps to apply Kant's Categorical Imperative to the act of lying:

  1️⃣ Consider the action of lying

  2️⃣ Ask if it can become a universal law

  3️⃣ Determine if it violates honesty or treats others as means

  4️⃣ Conclude if lying is morally wrong
• Kant's Categorical Imperative states that we should act in ways we would will to become universal laws.

  True
• What are three social impacts of lying?

  Erodes trust, harms relationships, undermines norms
• In the case study of saving Anne Frank, a deontological perspective would view lying as always wrong