3.2.2 Control of Blood Glucose

• What is the normal range for blood glucose levels in mg/dL?

  70-99
• What is the primary function of insulin in regulating blood glucose levels?

  Lower blood glucose
• Match the hormone with its effect on blood glucose:

  Insulin ↔️ Decreases blood glucose levels

  Glucagon ↔️ Increases blood glucose levels
• Hyperglycemia is characterized by blurred vision and frequent urination
• Insulin stimulates the conversion of glucose to glycogen
• What are the two main hormones involved in regulating blood glucose levels?

  Insulin and glucagon
• What effect does insulin have on blood glucose levels?

  Decreases blood glucose
• Glucagon promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen.

  False
• In the liver and muscles, insulin converts glucose to glycogen
• Maintaining blood glucose levels within a normal range is essential for energy production
• What is the process called that converts glucose to glycogen for storage?

  Glycogenesis
• How does insulin facilitate glucose entry into cells?

  Triggers glucose transport proteins
• Steps in glucagon's role in raising blood glucose levels

  1️⃣ Glucagon targets the liver

  2️⃣ Stimulates glycogenolysis

  3️⃣ Stored glycogen is broken down into glucose

  4️⃣ Glucose is released into the bloodstream
• Glucagon triggers gluconeogenesis to create new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.


  True
• Glucagon is produced by alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans
• Maintaining blood glucose levels within a normal range (70-99 mg/dL) is crucial for energy production
• High blood glucose can lead to complications such as heart disease and kidney failure.


  True
• Glucagon helps raise blood glucose levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen
• Low blood glucose levels can result in brain damage if severe and prolonged.


  True
• How does insulin lower blood glucose levels?

  Promotes glucose uptake
• What happens to blood glucose levels when glucagon is released?

  Increase
• Insulin is produced by the pancreas
• Glucagon increases blood glucose levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen
• Insulin enables cells to absorb glucose by binding to receptors
• What is one way glucagon raises blood glucose levels?

  Breaks down glycogen
• What condition can result from chronically high blood glucose levels?

  Diabetes
• Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells
• In the liver and muscles, insulin stimulates the conversion of glucose to glycogen
• What non-carbohydrate source does glucagon use to create new glucose?

  Amino acids
• Match the pancreatic cell type with its function:

  Acinar cells ↔️ Produce digestive enzymes

  Islets of Langerhans ↔️ Produce hormones
• The negative feedback mechanism ensures blood glucose levels remain within a normal range.

  True
• What is the term for high blood glucose levels?

  Hyperglycemia
• Insulin and glucagon work antagonistically to regulate blood glucose levels.

  True
• Insulin converts glucose to glycogen to lower blood glucose levels.


  True
• Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down stored glycogen into glucose
• Unlike insulin, glucagon raises blood glucose levels.


  True
• Match the hormone with its effect on blood glucose:

  Insulin ↔️ Decreases blood glucose

  Glucagon ↔️ Increases blood glucose
• Glucagon is released when blood glucose levels are low to raise them back to normal.


  True
• Type 2 diabetes is primarily caused by insulin resistance.

  True
• The two main hormones involved in regulating blood glucose levels are insulin and glucagon