8.2 Electric Charge and the Process of Charging

• Electric charge has three fundamental properties: quantization, conservation, and additivity
• What is electric charge?

  A fundamental property of matter
• What is Coulomb's Law used to calculate?

  Electrostatic force
• Electric charge exists in discrete amounts rather than a continuous spectrum


  True
• Electric charge is quantized, meaning it exists in integer multiples of the elementary charge.


  True
• The total charge of an object is the sum of all individual charges within it.


  True
• What is the smallest unit of electric charge called?

  Elementary charge
• In Coulomb's Law, the constant k is known as Coulomb's constant
• Protons have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative
• The total electric charge in a closed system remains constant over time due to the property of conservation
• Like charges repel each other, while unlike charges attract each other.


  True
• Coulomb's Law is essential for understanding interactions in particle physics.


  True
• Match the charging method with its description:

  Conduction ↔️ Direct contact transfers charge

  Induction ↔️ Charge redistributes without contact

  Friction ↔️ Rubbing generates charge
• There are two types of electric charges: positive and negative


  True
• Steps in charging by conduction

  1️⃣ Bring a charged object into contact with a neutral object

  2️⃣ Charge flows until both objects have the same charge
• What type of charge do electrons carry?

  Negative
• The total electric charge in a closed system remains constant over time, illustrating the principle of conservation
• The principle of charge conservation states that the total electric charge in a closed system remains constant
• What does Coulomb's Law state about the electrostatic force between two charges?

  Inversely proportional to r^2
• Why is Coulomb's Law significant?

  Predicts electrostatic interactions
• What is the term for the smallest unit of electric charge?

  Elementary charge
• Match the type of charge with its carrier:

  Positive ↔️ Protons

  Negative ↔️ Electrons
• Coulomb's Law states that the electrostatic force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance
• What are two conditions necessary for electrostatic equilibrium?

  Fixed positions and balanced forces
• Electrostatic equilibrium occurs when there is no net motion of charge
• What type of charge do protons carry?

  Positive
• What is the elementary charge (e) the unit of?

  Electric charge
• What does it mean for electric charge to be quantized?

  Exists in integer multiples of e
• Like charges repel each other, while unlike charges attract each other.

  True
• Steps in calculating the electrostatic force using Coulomb's Law

  1️⃣ Identify the magnitudes of the charges

  2️⃣ Determine the distance between the charges

  3️⃣ Substitute the values into the formula

  4️⃣ Calculate the force
• Electric charge exists only in integer multiples of the elementary charge.


  True
• What property of electric charge allows it to be summed within an object?

  Additivity
• What does Coulomb's Law describe?

  Electrostatic force
• Electrostatic equilibrium occurs when the net electrostatic force on each charge in a system is zero