3.2 Disenfranchisement and Jim Crow Laws

• Literacy tests were used to disenfranchise African Americans by requiring them to pass a difficult exam.


  True
• How did violence and intimidation disenfranchise African Americans?

  Deterred them from voting
• Jim Crow laws emerged as a backlash against the gains made by African Americans during Reconstruction
• What movement led to the dismantling of Jim Crow laws in the mid-20th century?

  Civil rights movement
• Disenfranchisement refers to the systematic removal of the right to vote from particular groups
• Grandfather clauses exempted voters whose ancestors voted before 1867 from literacy tests and poll taxes.
• What were Jim Crow laws designed to maintain?

  White supremacy
• What tactics were used to disenfranchise African Americans under Jim Crow laws?

  Poll taxes and literacy tests
• Disenfranchisement tactics systematically removed the right to vote from African Americans, denying them political representation
• A key tactic used to disenfranchise African Americans was requiring voters to pay a tax
• White primaries restricted voting in primary elections to white individuals
• What were Jim Crow laws designed to maintain?

  White supremacy
• Match the aspect of Jim Crow laws with its description:

  Segregation ↔️ Separation of public facilities based on race

  Disenfranchisement ↔️ Tactics preventing African Americans from voting

  Economic Exploitation ↔️ Limited job opportunities and wages

  Social Humiliation ↔️ Enforcing subservient social status
• Jim Crow laws were designed to advance the rights of African Americans after Reconstruction.

  False
• Literacy tests under Jim Crow laws were fair and unbiased measures of voter eligibility.

  False
• Jim Crow laws had no long-term impact on racial inequality in the American South.

  False
• Jim Crow laws mandated the legal separation of public facilities based on race
• What was the overall impact of Jim Crow laws on African Americans?

  Entrenched racial inequality
• Social humiliation under Jim Crow laws reinforced the perception of African Americans as inferior and second-class citizens.


  True
• What was the legacy of Jim Crow laws in the South?

  Maintained white supremacy
• Match the Supreme Court case with its outcome:

  Plessy v. Ferguson ↔️ Upheld "separate but equal"

  Brown v. Board of Education ↔️ Declared segregated schools unconstitutional

  Shelley v. Kraemer ↔️ Prohibited racially restrictive housing covenants

  Smith v. Allwright ↔️ Struck down the white primary system
• What is disenfranchisement?

  Removal of voting rights
• What did grandfather clauses exempt voters from in the context of disenfranchisement?

  Literacy tests and poll taxes
• Match the disenfranchisement method with its impact:

  Poll Taxes ↔️ Disproportionately affected poor African Americans

  Literacy Tests ↔️ Discouraged uneducated African Americans

  Grandfather Clauses ↔️ Restricted voting rights to white people

  White Primaries ↔️ Excluded African Americans from candidate selection

  Violence and Intimidation ↔️ Deters African Americans from voting
• Jim Crow laws enforced racial segregation in public facilities such as schools, transportation, and restrooms.


  True
• When did Jim Crow laws begin in the American South?

  1877
• What was the purpose of poll taxes under Jim Crow laws?

  Prevent voting by poor African Americans
• What was the purpose of segregation under Jim Crow laws?

  Maintain racial separation
• Jim Crow laws were enacted in response to the political and social progress of African Americans during Reconstruction.

  True
• Match the aspect of Jim Crow laws with its description:

  Segregation ↔️ Legal separation of public facilities

  Disenfranchisement ↔️ Preventing African Americans from voting

  Economic Exploitation ↔️ Limiting job opportunities and wages

  Social Humiliation ↔️ Enforcing subservient social etiquette
• How did economic exploitation under Jim Crow laws affect African Americans?

  Trapped them in poverty
• What did Jim Crow laws mandate regarding public facilities?

  Segregation
• Landmark Supreme Court cases helped dismantle the Jim Crow system.


  True
• Tactics such as poll taxes and literacy tests systematically removed African Americans' right to vote
• Poll taxes prevented poor African Americans from voting
• What was the significance of the legal challenges to Jim Crow laws?

  Paved the way for civil rights