3.4. Circuits

• A power source provides the electrical potential difference
• Match the circuit component with its function:

  Power Source ↔️ Provides potential difference

  Conductor ↔️ Allows current flow

  Load ↔️ Consumes electrical energy

  Switch ↔️ Controls current flow
• What is electrical resistance?

  Opposition to current flow
• Ohm's Law states that current is directly proportional to resistance.

  False
• In a parallel circuit, each component has the same voltage
• Conductors allow the flow of electric current in a circuit.


  True
• What is Ohm's Law about?

  Relationship between V, I, R
• Resistance is measured in ohms (Ω).


  True
• Arrange the properties to distinguish between series and parallel circuits:

  1️⃣ Current is the same in series

  2️⃣ Voltage is the same in parallel

  3️⃣ Total resistance is the sum in series

  4️⃣ Total resistance is the reciprocal sum in parallel
• What are the two primary configurations in which components can be connected in an electrical circuit?

  Series and parallel
• In a series circuit, the total resistance is the sum of individual resistances
• In a series circuit, the total voltage is the sum of the voltage drops across each component.

  True
• In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each component is the same.


  True
• What is the mathematical expression for Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)?

  \sum I_{\text{\in}} =$\sum I_{\text{out}}$
• A voltage divider is a circuit that splits the input voltage
• What is a voltage divider used for in a circuit?

  Splitting the voltage
• How are the resistors connected in a voltage divider circuit?

  In series
• What is the output voltage of a voltage divider with V_in = 12V, R1 = 2kΩ, and R2 = 3kΩ?

  7.2V
• Match the component with its description:

  Power Source ↔️ Provides electrical potential difference

  Conductors ↔️ Allow the flow of current

  Load ↔️ Consumes electrical energy

  Switch ↔️ Controls the flow of current
• Electrical resistance is measured in ohms.

  True
• Match the circuit type with its property:

  Series Circuit ↔️ Same current flows through all components

  Parallel Circuit ↔️ Voltage is the same across all components
• Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) states that the sum of voltages in a closed loop is zero.


  True
• The mathematical expression for Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) is \sum I_{\text{\in}} = \sum I_{\text{out}}
• The mathematical expression for Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) is \sum V = 0
• The formula for the output voltage in a voltage divider is V_{out} = V_{\in} \cdot \frac{R_{2}}{R_{1} + R_{2}}
• The formula to calculate electrical power is P = VI
• In a series circuit, the same current flows through each component.
• Understanding series and parallel circuit configurations is crucial for analyzing complex circuits.
• By applying KCL and KVL, you can solve for unknown currents and voltages
• How is total resistance calculated in a series circuit?

  Sum of individual resistances
• What unit is used to measure power in electrical circuits?

  Watts
• Understanding power is important for designing circuits that can safely handle the required electrical loads.

  True
• What is an electrical circuit?

  A closed loop for current
• What does a load in an electrical circuit do?

  Consumes electrical energy
• Mathematically, Ohm's Law is expressed as V = IR
• The formula for calculating resistance is R = V/I
• What happens to the current in a series circuit?

  It remains the same
• In a series circuit, the same current flows through each component.


  True
• In a parallel circuit, the total resistance is the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances
• In a series circuit, the current is calculated using the formula $I =$$\frac{V_\text{total}}{R_\text{total}}$, where V_total is the total voltage