1.3 Contemporary Society

• Spanish is spoken by over 534 million people globally, with the majority residing in Latin America
• Match the country with its level of industrialization:

  Spain ↔️ Highly industrialized

  Mexico ↔️ Moderately industrialized

  Argentina ↔️ Less industrialized

  Venezuela ↔️ Limited industrialization outside oil
• Spain has a highly developed, service-oriented economy
• What is the range of political systems in the Spanish-speaking world?

  Democratic to authoritarian
• Spain's governance challenge is maintaining political stability
• Mexico's governance challenges include combating drug-related violence and corruption
• What is the political system of Venezuela?

  Authoritarian regime
• Decentralization in Latin America has had mixed results in terms of effective governance
• What are some challenges related to gender and LGBTQ+ rights in the Spanish-speaking world?

  Wage gaps and discrimination
• Indigenous populations in countries like Mexico face ongoing struggles for land rights
• What is the situation in Spain regarding income inequality and LGBTQ+ rights?

  Lower inequality, advancing LGBTQ+ rights
• Mexico's internal migration is driven by movements from rural to urban areas
• What are the social challenges in Venezuela?

  Severe poverty, LGBTQ+ discrimination
• Which countries have significant Spanish-speaking populations?

  Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Spain
• Spain's population is aging due to lower birth rates and longer life expectancies.


  True
• An aging population in Spain is affecting healthcare and social security systems.


  True
• Spain has a highly developed, service-oriented economy
• Mexico has significant trade ties with the US
• What is Venezuela heavily dependent on economically?

  Oil exports
• The Spanish-speaking world faces uniform social issues across all countries and regions.

  False
• Urbanization in the Spanish-speaking world is driven by increasing migration to urban centers
• The ethnic composition of the Spanish-speaking world reflects diverse historical migrations and settlements
• Decentralization of power in Latin America has had mixed results in terms of effective governance
• What is the political system of Spain?

  Parliamentary democracy
• What is the political system of Mexico?

  Federal presidential republic
• Argentina's governance challenges include addressing economic instability and social inequalities
• What is decentralization of power in Latin America intended to achieve?

  Effective governance
• High levels of income inequality and poverty in Latin America impact access to education and healthcare
• Which countries in Latin America have indigenous populations struggling for land rights and cultural preservation?

  Mexico, Guatemala, Bolivia
• Migration within and between Spanish-speaking countries poses challenges to social cohesion.

  True
• What is the situation in Mexico regarding poverty and indigenous rights?

  Widespread poverty, struggles for indigenous land rights
• Argentina has made progress on gender equality but LGBTQ+ issues persist.


  True
• How many people globally speak Spanish?

  Over 534 million
• Increasing urbanization in the Spanish-speaking world impacts housing, employment, and social services
• What type of economy does Mexico have?

  Mix of manufacturing, agriculture, and services
• Argentina faces challenges in global trade due to limited industrialization.

  True
• What does decentralization of power involve in Latin America?

  Shifting authority to local governments
• What are some key issues affecting gender and LGBTQ+ rights in the Spanish-speaking world?

  Wage gaps, discrimination
• What is a key challenge related to migration in Spain?

  Integrating immigrant communities
• What is notable about Spain's cultural scene?

  Vibrant art and architecture