1.6 Sleep

• What is the definition of sleep?

  A natural periodic state of rest
• The stages of sleep are categorized into NREM and REM
• What physiological changes occur during REM sleep?

  Rapid and irregular breathing
• The Circadian Rhythm Theory suggests that sleep is regulated by the body's internal biological clock.

  True
• What is the internal biological clock that regulates sleep called?

  Circadian rhythm
• Match the sleep theory with its key idea:

  Restorative Theory ↔️ Physical and mental restoration

  Circadian Rhythm Theory ↔️ Regulation by internal clock

  Adaptive Theory ↔️ Survival purposes
• Order the steps of how the SCN regulates the sleep-wake cycle:

  1️⃣ Dark signals received by SCN

  2️⃣ SCN triggers melatonin release

  3️⃣ Body feels sleepy

  4️⃣ Light signals reduce melatonin

  5️⃣ Body feels awake
• Match the sleep disorder with its description:

  Insomnia ↔️ Difficulty staying asleep

  Sleep Apnea ↔️ Breathing interruptions during sleep

  Circadian Rhythm Disorders ↔️ Disruption of internal clock
• During NREM-1, brain waves are primarily alpha and theta.
• Order the NREM stages from lightest to deepest:

  1️⃣ NREM-1

  2️⃣ NREM-2

  3️⃣ NREM-3

  4️⃣ NREM-4
• NREM-2 sleep features brain waves called Theta along with sleep spindles and K-complexes
• Order the stages of sleep from lightest to deepest.

  1️⃣ NREM-1

  2️⃣ NREM-2

  3️⃣ NREM-3

  4️⃣ NREM-4
• Match the sleep theory with its key idea:

  Restorative Theory ↔️ Sleep restores physical and mental health

  Circadian Rhythm Theory ↔️ Sleep regulated by the body's internal clock

  Adaptive Theory ↔️ Sleep evolved for survival benefits
• Sleep disorders can have significant impacts on physical and mental health.


  True
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a common intervention for insomnia.

  True
• Match the benefit of sleep with its description:

  Physical Health ↔️ Repairs tissues, boosts immune system

  Mental Health ↔️ Improves mood, reduces stress

  Cognitive Function ↔️ Enhances memory, sharpens focus

  Emotional Stability ↔️ Regulates emotions, reduces irritability
• What brain waves are present in NREM-1 sleep?

  Alpha and Theta
• NREM-3 is characterized by delta waves and is difficult to awaken from.


  True
• The Restorative Theory of sleep emphasizes the importance of sleep for physical and mental restoration
• What is the Adaptive Theory of sleep based on?

  Survival and energy conservation
• The Adaptive Theory of sleep suggests it evolved to conserve energy and avoid predators.


  True
• The hormone melatonin is released by the SCN when it's dark.


  True
• Insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep.
• What are the two main categories of sleep stages?

  NREM and REM
• Which NREM stage is known for deep sleep and tissue repair?

  NREM-3
• What type of brain waves are associated with NREM-1 sleep?

  Alpha and Theta
• What is the primary characteristic of NREM-4 sleep?

  Deepest sleep
• During REM sleep, muscle tone is reduced to the point of paralysis.


  True
• What hormone is released by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to promote sleepiness?

  Melatonin
• Sleep apnea involves repeated breathing interruptions during sleep
• Match the sleep disorder with its intervention:

  Insomnia ↔️ CBT, improved sleep hygiene

  Sleep Apnea ↔️ CPAP therapy

  Circadian Rhythm Disorders ↔️ Light therapy
• Sleep is crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being.


  True
• Arrange the stages of sleep in order from lightest to deepest:

  1️⃣ NREM-1

  2️⃣ NREM-2

  3️⃣ NREM-3

  4️⃣ NREM-4

  5️⃣ REM
• Match the sleep stage with its key characteristic:

  NREM-1 ↔️ Light sleep, slow rolling eye movements

  NREM-2 ↔️ Theta waves, sleep spindles

  NREM-3 ↔️ Delta waves, deep sleep

  NREM-4 ↔️ Deepest sleep, physical recovery

  REM ↔️ Dreams occur, paralysis
• The circadian rhythm is a roughly 24-hour cycle.
• The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is located in the brain.
• What does the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) act as in the body?

  Internal clock
• Sleep is essential for consolidating memories and maintaining cognitive function.


  True
• Sleep spindles and K-complexes are characteristic of NREM-2 sleep.

  True
• NREM-4 is the deepest stage of sleep and is essential for physical recovery.