3.2 Solids, Liquids, and Gases

• Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.

  True
• What is the defining characteristic of all gases?

  High compressibility
• Which state of matter has particles that move rapidly and randomly?

  Gas
• Match the property with the state of matter that exhibits it:

  Definite shape ↔️ Solid

  High compressibility ↔️ Gas

  Definite volume ↔️ Liquid
• Particles collide and transfer energy during their motion.


  True
• What is the compressibility of solids?

  Low
• Arrange the states of matter from least compressible to most compressible.

  1️⃣ Solid

  2️⃣ Liquid

  3️⃣ Gas
• In gases, particles are widely spaced and move independently
• Higher temperature increases the average kinetic energy
• What is a phase transition?

  Change between states
• What is the formula for pressure?

  $P =$$\frac{F}{A}$
• What is the compressibility of gases?

  High
• Liquids maintain a definite volume
• The shape of a gas depends on the shape of its container
• Arrange the key principles of the kinetic theory of matter in a logical order:

  1️⃣ Constant random motion of particles

  2️⃣ Kinetic energy is proportional to absolute temperature

  3️⃣ Particles collide and transfer energy
• Liquid particles slide past each other, allowing them to take the shape of their container.


  True
• Pressure is a scalar quantity because it has magnitude but no direction.


  True
• The Ideal Gas Law combines all the gas laws into a single equation.

  True
• The Ideal Gas Law is $PV =$$nRT$


  True
• The universal gas constant in the Ideal Gas Law is denoted by the letter R.
• Gases have weak intermolecular forces, allowing them to be highly compressible.


  True
• Refrigeration involves the phase changes of vaporization and condensation.


  True
• What are the three primary states of matter?

  Solids, liquids, and gases
• In a solid, particles are tightly packed in fixed positions
• Solids have low compressibility because their particles are tightly packed in fixed positions
• What does the kinetic theory of matter state about particle motion?

  Constant random motion
• Which state of matter maintains a definite shape and volume?

  Solid
• Liquids take the shape of their container
• Match the property with its description for solids, liquids, and gases.

  Shape of Solid ↔️ Definite

  Compressibility of Gas ↔️ High

  Particle Motion in Liquid ↔️ Sliding
• The particle motion in liquids is sliding.


  True
• Arrange the following processes in order of increasing particle motion according to the kinetic theory.

  1️⃣ Solid vibration

  2️⃣ Liquid sliding

  3️⃣ Gas random movement
• During the transition from solid to liquid, particles move from fixed positions to being able to slide
• Pressure is a scalar quantity because it has only magnitude
• Liquids maintain a definite volume but take the shape of their container
• Gases have high compressibility and widely spaced particles that move randomly.

  True
• Liquids and gases have the same compressibility.

  False
• The kinetic energy of particles increases with higher temperature
• Arrange the phase transitions in terms of increasing particle motion:

  1️⃣ Solid to Liquid

  2️⃣ Liquid to Gas
• Pressure is defined as force per unit area
• Boyle's Law states that pressure and volume are inversely proportional at constant temperature