2.2 Executive Institutions

• In a presidential system, the president is elected directly or indirectly by the people
• In a presidential system, the president is responsible for executing and enforcing laws
• Who leads the country's foreign policy in a presidential system?

  The president
• What are the key roles of executive institutions in both presidential and parliamentary systems?

  Implementing laws, foreign policy
• What role does the monarch play in a parliamentary system?

  Ceremonial head of state
• What is the key role of the executive branch in a parliamentary system?

  Executes laws, leads government
• What is the structure of a presidential system regarding the head of state and head of government?

  Separate
• Who selects the prime minister in a parliamentary system?

  Parliament
• What are the two primary forms of executive institutions?

  Presidential and parliamentary
• The unified head of state in a parliamentary system is often a monarch
• What is the term for the relationship between the executive and legislative branches in a parliamentary system?

  Fusion of powers
• What must a prime minister maintain in a parliamentary system?

  Confidence of parliament
• What is the purpose of checks and balances on executive power?

  Ensure accountability and prevent abuse of power
• Term limits are a constitutional limit on executive power in a presidential system.


  True
• In a presidential system, the president can propose new legislation through executive orders
• What are executive institutions primarily responsible for?

  Implementing and enforcing laws
• What is the structure of a presidential system in terms of the head of state and head of government?

  Separate head of state and government
• What is the role of the prime minister in a parliamentary system?

  Leads government, answers to parliament
• Match the executive system with its method of leadership selection:

  Presidential System ↔️ Election by the people

  Parliamentary System ↔️ Selection by parliament
• In a parliamentary system, the prime minister directly commands the armed forces.

  False
• In a parliamentary system, the prime minister is selected directly by the people.

  False
• In a parliamentary system, the prime minister must maintain the confidence of parliament.


  True
• The prime minister in a parliamentary system answers directly to the people.

  False
• Executive institutions are always led by a president in every political system.

  False
• In a parliamentary system, the prime minister must maintain the confidence of parliament to remain in power.


  True
• In a parliamentary system, the prime minister and cabinet are accountable to parliament.


  True
• Match the checks and balances with the corresponding political system:

  Overriding Presidential Vetoes ↔️ Presidential System

  Confidence Votes in Government ↔️ Parliamentary System
• A prime minister in a parliamentary system can be removed by a vote of confidence
• Judicial review of executive actions is a key check in the judicial
• What is the executive's primary role in the policymaking process?

  Initiating, implementing, and influencing policy
• Match the policymaking characteristic with its system:

  Independent authority ↔️ Presidential System

  Fusion of powers ↔️ Parliamentary System
• A prime minister in a parliamentary system is selected by parliament.


  True
• In a presidential system, the president is both the head of state and head of government.

  True
• A unified head of state and government is a characteristic of a parliamentary system.

  True
• In a parliamentary system, the prime minister is directly elected by the people.

  False
• In a presidential system, there is a fusion of powers between the executive and legislative branches.

  False
• Checks and balances on executive power exist only in presidential systems.

  False
• In a parliamentary system, who initiates most policies?

  Prime minister and cabinet
• Match the challenge with its description:

  Coordination ↔️ Integrating diverse departments

  Accountability ↔️ Remaining responsible to legislatures

  Power Limits ↔️ Operating within constitutional boundaries

  Public Trust ↔️ Maintaining citizen confidence
• Executive institutions are the branches of government that implement and enforce laws