13.3 Refraction of Light

• What is the definition of refraction of light?

  Bending of light
• In refraction, the angle of refraction is not equal to the angle of incidence
• The equation for Snell's Law is n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂
• The index of refraction measures how much the speed of light is reduced in a medium.
• Total internal reflection occurs when light travels from a medium with a lower refractive index to a higher one.

  False
• In reflection, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

  True
• What does Snell's Law describe?

  Bending of light
• If light passes from air (n₁ = 1.00) to water (n₂ = 1.33) at an angle of incidence of 30°, what is the angle of refraction?

  22.1°
• Why does light bend when it passes from air to water?

  Change in speed
• What is the refractive index of air?

  ~1.00
• Under what conditions does total internal reflection occur?

  Higher to lower index
• Light passing from glass to air undergoes total internal reflection at approximately 41.8°.


  True
• What does Snell's Law describe?

  Light bending between media
• Snell's Law relates the refractive indices and angles of incidence and refraction.

  True
• Light travels slower in glass than in water due to its higher refractive index.


  True
• What is the critical angle when light passes from glass (n₁ = 1.5) to air (n₂ = 1.0)?

  41.8°
• Total internal reflection occurs when light hits an interface at an angle greater than the critical angle.


  True
• Match the term with its description:

  Refractive index ↔️ Measure of light bending

  Angle of incidence ↔️ Angle between light and normal

  Angle of refraction ↔️ Angle after light bends
• Light bends towards the normal when it travels from a medium with a lower refractive index to one with a higher refractive index.

  True
• Light bounces off a surface in the process of reflection
• Match the example with the type of light interaction:

  Mirror ↔️ Reflection

  Prism ↔️ Refraction
• In Snell's Law, n₁ and n₂ represent the refractive indices of the two media.


  True
• Match the medium with its refractive index:

  Vacuum ↔️ 1.00

  Water ↔️ 1.33

  Glass ↔️ 1.5-1.9
• The critical angle for total internal reflection is given by the equation θ_c = sin⁻¹(n₂/n₁).
• Light travels slower in water compared to air.

  True
• What does θ_c represent in the critical angle equation?

  Critical angle
• In reflection, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
• Match the component with its definition:

  n₁ ↔️ Refractive index of medium 1

  θ₁ ↔️ Angle of incidence

  n₂ ↔️ Refractive index of medium 2

  θ₂ ↔️ Angle of refraction
• The equation for the index of refraction is n = c/v.
• The equation for the critical angle is θc = sin⁻¹(n₂/n₁).
• What is the critical angle when light passes from glass (n₁ = 1.5) to air (n₂ = 1.0)?

  41.8°
• What is the equation for Snell's Law?

  $n₁sinθ₁ =$$n₂sinθ₂$
• If light travels from air (n₁ = 1.00) to water (n₂ = 1.33) at an incidence angle of 30°, what is the angle of refraction?

  22.1°
• As the refractive index increases, the speed of light in that medium decreases
• Total internal reflection occurs when light strikes the interface at an angle greater than the critical angle.
• What is the definition of refraction of light?

  Bending of light
• The equation for Snell's Law is n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂.
• How is the index of refraction defined in terms of light speed?

  c/v
• What is the critical angle in total internal reflection?

  Angle of total reflection
• Light hitting a glass-air interface at an angle greater than 41.8° undergoes total internal reflection.

  True