5.1 Key Concepts in Memory

• What are the three key processes involved in memory?

  Encoding, storage, retrieval
• Storage in memory refers to keeping encoded information in the brain for later use.

  True
• What is the process of accessing stored information called?

  Retrieval
• Long-term memory can store information for years.


  True
• What type of encoding is used in long-term memory?

  Deep
• What is the approximate capacity of short-term memory?

  7 items
• Retrieval from long-term memory is automatic and more reliable than retrieval from short-term memory.
• What is the duration of information in long-term memory?

  Years or lifetime
• Information flows from STM to LTM through the process of encoding.
• Match the component of working memory with its function:

  Central executive ↔️ Coordinates and manages other components

  Phonological loop ↔️ Stores verbal information

  Visuospatial sketchpad ↔️ Stores visual and spatial information
• The phonological loop in working memory stores and rehearses verbal information
• The visuospatial sketchpad stores visual and spatial information.


  True
• Memory involves encoding, storage, and retrieval
• Arrange the flow of information in the multi-store model of memory.

  1️⃣ Sensory Memory

  2️⃣ Short-Term Memory

  3️⃣ Long-Term Memory
• Encoding involves transforming sensory information into a form that can be stored in the brain
• The duration of short-term memory is typically in the range of seconds
• Long-term memory has an essentially unlimited capacity.
• Sensory memory holds information for only a fraction of a second.
• Short-term memory can hold information for around 15-30 seconds.

  True
• Which component of working memory stores verbal information?

  Phonological loop
• What is the primary role of the central executive in working memory?

  Coordinates and manages memory
• What type of memory is working memory considered?

  Short-term memory
• What is the approximate capacity of short-term memory?

  7 items
• Match the type of memory with its characteristic duration:

  Sensory Memory ↔️ Fractions of a second

  Short-Term Memory ↔️ Seconds to minutes

  Long-Term Memory ↔️ Minutes to years
• Encoding in memory refers to transforming sensory information into a storable form
• Episodic memory stores personal experiences with time and context.

  True
• The multi-store model proposes that memory consists of three main stores
• What is the duration of sensory memory?

  Fractions of a second
• STM has a capacity of around 7 items.


  True
• Working memory is essential for tasks like problem-solving and decision-making.


  True
• Match the type of long-term memory with its description:

  Episodic ↔️ Stores personal experiences

  Procedural ↔️ Stores how to perform skills

  Semantic ↔️ Stores general knowledge
• Chunking involves grouping individual items into larger units
• Memory involves three key processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval.


  True
• What are the three main stores proposed in the multi-store model of memory?

  Sensory, STM, LTM
• Working memory is a type of short-term memory that allows for manipulation of information.


  True
• Working memory consists of three main components.
• Arrange the steps involved in the temporary storage and processing of information in working memory.

  1️⃣ Central executive coordinates components

  2️⃣ Phonological loop stores verbal information

  3️⃣ Visuospatial sketchpad stores visual information
• Short-term memory has a brief duration compared to long-term memory.


  True
• Which component of working memory stores verbal information?

  Phonological loop
• Match the type of memory with its characteristic encoding process:

  Short-Term Memory ↔️ Shallow, sound or appearance

  Long-Term Memory ↔️ Deep, meaning and associations