3.4.1 Tsarist Russia (1855–1917)

• What did Alexander II's judicial reforms establish in the legal system?

  Trial by jury
• What was the primary aim of Alexander II's reforms?

  Modernize and liberalize
• The Liberals under Alexander II advocated for greater political liberties and constitutional reform.


  True
• Dissatisfaction with the limited scope of Alexander II's reforms led to the rise of social and political movements
• What policy did Alexander III pursue after succeeding Alexander II?

  Autocracy
• Match Alexander II's reforms with Alexander III's policies:

  1️⃣ Emancipation of the Serfs

  2️⃣ Rollback of peasant land reforms

  3️⃣ Judicial Reforms

  4️⃣ Reduced judicial independence

  5️⃣ Local Government Reforms

  6️⃣ Reduced powers of elected local councils (zemstvos)
• Who was the last Tsar of the Russian Empire?

  Nicholas II
• What event sparked the 1905 Revolution?

  "Bloody Sunday" massacre
• Under Nicholas II, rapid industrialization led to growing social unrest and inequality
• Match the social and political movements with their descriptions:

  Populists (Narodniks) ↔️ Sought a socialist revolution by appealing to the peasantry

  Liberals ↔️ Advocated for greater political and civil liberties

  Revolutionaries (Marxists) ↔️ Aimed to overthrow the Tsarist regime
• Alexander III's policy of Russification aimed to promote Russian culture and suppress minority nationalities

  True
• The Bloody Sunday massacre led to the formation of the first Soviet in St. Petersburg
• What were key challenges to Russia's industrialization during the late 19th century?

  Lack of infrastructure
• What revolution overthrew the Romanov dynasty in 1917?

  February Revolution
• The Emancipation of the Serfs under Alexander II granted personal freedom and limited land ownership
• The local government reforms under Alexander II created elected local councils called zemstvos
• The Populists (Narodniks) sought a socialist revolution by appealing to the peasantry
• What did the Revolutionaries (Marxists) aim to establish in Russia?

  A socialist state
• What did the Emancipation of the Serfs under Alexander II grant to former serfs?

  Freedom and land ownership
• Alexander III strengthened the absolute power of the Tsar
• Match the causes of the 1905 Revolution with their descriptions:

  Dissatisfaction with Nicholas II's autocratic rule ↔️ Lack of political reforms

  Economic hardships and food shortages ↔️ Affected peasantry and urban working class

  Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War ↔️ Exposed weaknesses of the Tsarist regime
• What were the key outcomes of Alexander III's state-led industrialization policy?

  Increased industrial output
• Alexander II's reforms faced resistance from conservative elements within Russia.


  True
• Alexander III reversed many of the liberal reforms implemented by his predecessor
• What event triggered the 1905 Revolution?

  Bloody Sunday
• Order the Tsars and their economic policies from Alexander II to Nicholas II:

  1️⃣ Alexander II: Emancipated serfs

  2️⃣ Alexander III: Protectionist policies

  3️⃣ Nicholas II: Foreign investment
• World War I exposed the weaknesses of the Russian economy and military


  True
• What period did Alexander II's reforms span?

  1855–1881
• Alexander II's military reforms reduced the length of military service.


  True
• Place the reforms of Alexander II in chronological order:

  1️⃣ Emancipation of the Serfs

  2️⃣ Judicial Reforms

  3️⃣ Military Reforms

  4️⃣ Local Government Reforms
• Western ideas such as socialism influenced the rise of political movements in Russia.


  True
• Alexander II's reforms were limited in scope and faced resistance from conservatives
• Alexander III strengthened the absolute power of the Tsar after Alexander II's assassination.


  True
• What policy did Alexander III pursue after succeeding Alexander II?

  Autocracy
• Alexander III's Russification policy aimed to suppress minority nationalities within the Russian Empire


  True
• Nicholas II's reign culminated in the First Russian Revolution of 1905
• In response to the 1905 Revolution, Nicholas II established an elected parliament called the Duma
• Arrange Alexander II's reforms in chronological order:

  1️⃣ Emancipation of the Serfs

  2️⃣ Judicial Reforms

  3️⃣ Military Reforms

  4️⃣ Local Government Reforms
• What policy did Alexander III pursue after succeeding Alexander II?

  Autocracy
• Match Alexander II's reforms with Alexander III's policies:

  Emancipation of the Serfs ↔️ Rollback of peasant land reforms

  Judicial Reforms ↔️ Reduced judicial independence

  Military Reforms ↔️ Increased Tsar's control