2.7 VSEPR and Hybridization

• The key principle of VSEPR theory is that electron pairs arrange themselves to minimize electron pair repulsion
• Steps to predict molecular shape using VSEPR theory:

  1️⃣ Draw the Lewis structure

  2️⃣ Count bonding pairs and lone pairs

  3️⃣ Determine the electron geometry

  4️⃣ Determine the molecular geometry
• What is the primary difference between bonding and nonbonding electrons?

  Bonding electrons form bonds
• The different types of hybridization include sp, sp2, sp3, sp3d, and sp3d2
• What is the molecular geometry of a compound with 5 electron pairs according to VSEPR theory?

  Trigonal Bipyramidal
• Match the property with the correct type of electron:

  Location ↔️ Between bonded atoms ||| Exclusively on one atom

  Function ↔️ Forms chemical bonds ||| Do not participate in bonding

  Contribution to molecular shape ↔️ Determines molecular geometry ||| Influences molecular geometry due to repulsion

  Example ↔️ In C-H bonds in methane ||| Lone pairs on oxygen in water
• Match the number of electron pairs with the corresponding molecular geometry:

  2 ↔️ Linear

  3 ↔️ Trigonal Planar

  4 ↔️ Tetrahedral

  5 ↔️ Trigonal Bipyramidal

  6 ↔️ Octahedral
• Lone pairs exert more repulsion than bonding pairs


  True
• In water (H₂O), the electron geometry is tetrahedral
• Bonding electrons are located between bonded atoms

  True
• Bonding electrons form chemical bonds between atoms.


  True
• Match the example with the type of electron pair:

  C-H bonds in methane ↔️ Bonding electrons

  Lone pairs on oxygen in water ↔️ Nonbonding electrons
• sp hybridization results in a linear molecular geometry.
• Match the hybridization type with its molecular geometry:

  sp ↔️ Linear

  sp² ↔️ Trigonal Planar

  sp³ ↔️ Tetrahedral

  sp³d ↔️ Trigonal Bipyramidal

  sp³d² ↔️ Octahedral
• What is the hybridization of ammonia (NH₃), which has three sigma bonds and one lone pair?

  sp³
• What is the molecular geometry of ammonia (NH₃)?

  Trigonal Pyramidal
• Match the number of bonds and lone pairs with the correct hybridization:

  2 ↔️ sp

  3 ↔️ sp²

  4 ↔️ sp³

  5 ↔️ sp³d

  6 ↔️ sp³d²
• What is the primary principle of VSEPR theory?

  Electron pair repulsion
• What are the two types of electron pairs in VSEPR theory?

  Bonding and Lone Pairs
• Steps to predict molecular shape using VSEPR theory

  1️⃣ Draw the Lewis Structure

  2️⃣ Count Bonding Pairs and Lone Pairs

  3️⃣ Determine Electron Geometry

  4️⃣ Determine Molecular Geometry
• sp hybridization results in a linear molecular geometry.
• A molecule with sp² hybridization has a trigonal planar
• Match the hybridization type with its corresponding molecular geometry:

  sp ↔️ Linear

  sp² ↔️ Trigonal Planar

  sp³ ↔️ Tetrahedral
• What is VSEPR theory used to predict?

  Molecular geometry
• Electron pairs in VSEPR theory arrange themselves to maximize repulsion.

  False
• The molecular geometry of water (H₂O) is bent
• What is hybridization in chemistry?

  Mixing atomic orbitals
• Match the molecular geometry with the number of electron pairs:

  Linear ↔️ 2 electron pairs

  Trigonal Planar ↔️ 3 electron pairs

  Tetrahedral ↔️ 4 electron pairs

  Octahedral ↔️ 6 electron pairs
• Nonbonding electrons are lone pairs on an atom not involved in bonding


  True
• VSEPR theory assumes electron pairs arrange to minimize repulsion


  True
• Lone pairs reside solely on the central atom


  True
• Ammonia (NH₃) has three bonding pairs and one lone pair, leading to a trigonal pyramidal
• What is the molecular geometry of water?

  Bent
• What role do lone pairs play in molecular geometry?

  Repulsion
• sp³ hybridization leads to a tetrahedral molecular geometry.


  True
• Steps to determine hybridization based on electron configuration:

  1️⃣ Draw the Lewis structure

  2️⃣ Count sigma bonds and lone pairs

  3️⃣ Match the count to hybridization type
• VSEPR theory predicts molecular geometry based on electron pair repulsion.


  True
• Sigma bonds and lone pairs are counted around the central atom to determine hybridization.


  True
• Ammonia (NH₃) has sp³ hybridization.


  True
• A molecule with 2 electron pairs has a linear molecular geometry.