3.1.2.2 Crime and gender

• Crime refers to behavior that violates the law and is punishable by the state
• Theft and murder are examples of deviance.

  False
• Certain ethnic groups are over-represented in crime statistics
• Match the social group with a relevant sociological theory:

  Age ↔️ Social Learning Theory

  Gender ↔️ Gender Inequality Theory

  Social Class ↔️ Marxist Theory

  Location ↔️ Urban Ecology Theory
• The Gender Inequality Theory suggests unequal power distribution between men and women
• Boys are often encouraged to be aggressive and assertive, while girls are socialized to be nurturing and compliant
• Women are encouraged to be nurturing and compliant, which may influence their involvement in specific crimes.

  True
• Men are encouraged to be aggressive and assertive
• Match the concept with its description:

  Crime ↔️ Violates the law

  Deviance ↔️ Violates social norms
• Males commit more violent crimes than females.


  True
• The Gender Inequality Theory posits that unequal power distribution between men and women contributes to differing crime patterns
• Match the research method with its limitation:

  Official Statistics ↔️ Underrepresent crimes by women

  Self-Report Studies ↔️ Subject to biases in reporting

  Victimization Surveys ↔️ May underrepresent certain groups

  Qualitative Methods ↔️ Limited generalizability
• Combining different research methods is necessary to understand the complex relationship between crime and gender.


  True
• Deviance is disapproved of by society
• Males commit more violent crimes than females.


  True
• Urban areas have higher crime rates than rural
• Discrimination and poverty contribute to the over-representation of certain ethnic groups in crime statistics.


  True
• Match the gender with the type of crime they are more likely to commit:

  Male ↔️ Violent crimes

  Female ↔️ Theft, fraud, prostitution
• The Gender Inequality Theory suggests unequal power distribution between men and women contributes to crime patterns
• What types of crimes are men more likely to commit according to the table?

  Violent crimes, white-collar crime
• What does the Gender Inequality Theory suggest about crime patterns?

  Unequal power distribution
• Young people are more likely to commit petty crimes
• What are the key factors that influence gender differences in crime according to the text?

  Socialization, gender roles
• What does the Gender Inequality Theory suggest about the unequal distribution of power?

  It influences crime patterns
• Qualitative methods offer in-depth understanding of motivations and contexts
• Deviance is always illegal behavior.

  False
• Young people are more likely to commit petty crimes
• Lower social classes are more likely to be involved in white-collar crime.

  False
• Males commit more violent crimes; females commit more theft
• Urban Ecology Theory explains crime patterns based on economic disparities and population density.


  True
• The Gender Inequality Theory argues that unequal power between genders shapes crime patterns.


  True
• Men, with their socialization towards aggression, are more prone to violent crimes and white-collar offenses
• Women often have access to higher-paying jobs, reducing their likelihood of committing crimes.

  False
• What does the social distribution of crime refer to?

  Patterns of crime rates
• Which theory explains the over-representation of certain ethnic groups in crime statistics due to discrimination and poverty?

  Labelling Theory
• Women are more likely to commit white-collar crimes than men.

  False
• Why do official statistics underrepresent crimes committed by women?

  Less likely to be caught