2.2.2 The Heart and Blood Vessels

• Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.


  True
• Veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood.

  True
• Match the heart chamber with its function:

  Left Atrium ↔️ Receives blood from the lungs

  Left Ventricle ↔️ Pumps blood to the aorta

  Right Atrium ↔️ Receives blood from the body

  Right Ventricle ↔️ Pumps blood to the pulmonary artery
• Which valves prevent backflow of blood between the atria and ventricles?

  Tricuspid and mitral
• In pulmonary circulation, blood flows from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery
• The cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped per minute
• Capillaries have the smallest diameter among blood vessels.


  True
• The heart rhythmically contracts and relaxes in two phases: atrial systole and ventricular systole
• How many chambers does the heart have?

  Four
• Match the heart chamber with its function:

  Left Atrium ↔️ Receives blood from lungs

  Right Atrium ↔️ Receives blood from body

  Left Ventricle ↔️ Pumps blood to aorta

  Right Ventricle ↔️ Pumps blood to pulmonary artery
• What are the two main circulatory pathways regulated by the heart?

  Pulmonary and systemic
• Which blood vessel contains valves to prevent backflow?

  Veins
• Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).


  True
• Match the blood pressure regulation mechanism with its action:

  Hormonal Control ↔️ Increases vasoconstriction

  Nervous System Control ↔️ Increases heart rate
• Capillaries have thin, permeable walls to enable efficient exchange at the cellular level.


  True
• Match the type of blood vessel with its function:

  Arteries ↔️ Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

  Veins ↔️ Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

  Capillaries ↔️ Allow exchange of gases and nutrients
• Why do capillaries have the smallest diameter?

  Facilitate efficient exchange
• Match the heart chamber with its function:

  Left Atrium ↔️ Receives blood from the lungs

  Left Ventricle ↔️ Pumps blood to the aorta

  Right Atrium ↔️ Receives blood from the body

  Right Ventricle ↔️ Pumps blood to the pulmonary artery
• What is cardiac output a measure of?

  Blood pumped per minute
• What are the two main pathways of blood circulation?

  Pulmonary and systemic
• In systemic circulation, deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium
• Match the blood vessel type with its function in nutrient transport:

  Arteries ↔️ Carry oxygenated blood to tissues

  Veins ↔️ Return deoxygenated blood to the heart

  Capillaries ↔️ Allow exchange of gases and nutrients
• Obesity and high salt intake can contribute to hypertension.

  True
• What is the primary function of the heart?

  To circulate blood
• What is the role of capillaries in the blood circulation system?

  Exchange gases and nutrients
• Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood to the body's tissues?

  Arteries
• Valves in the heart ensure blood flows in the correct direction.


  True
• Arrange the blood flow through the pulmonary circulation:

  1️⃣ Right ventricle

  2️⃣ Pulmonary artery

  3️⃣ Lungs

  4️⃣ Pulmonary veins

  5️⃣ Left atrium
• Arrange the blood flow through the systemic circulation:

  1️⃣ Left ventricle

  2️⃣ Aorta

  3️⃣ Body tissues

  4️⃣ Veins

  5️⃣ Right atrium
• Arteries have thinner walls than veins.

  False
• Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

  Veins
• What valves prevent backflow in the heart?

  Tricuspid, mitral, aortic, pulmonary
• Which chambers of the heart receive blood from the lungs and body, respectively?

  Left and right atria
• What is the primary function of the heart valves?

  Prevent backflow
• The pulmonary circulatory pathway begins at the right ventricle
• Cardiac output measures the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

  True
• Capillaries have thin, permeable walls to facilitate efficient exchange
• What does systolic pressure represent?

  Highest pressure during contraction
• Why do arteries have thick, muscular walls?

  To withstand high pressure
• Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

  Veins