1.4.1 Scepticism

• Pyrrhonian Scepticism suspends judgement on all beliefs
• Match the type of scepticism with its key belief:

  Cartesian Scepticism ↔️ Questions the reliability of senses

  Humean Scepticism ↔️ Challenges inductive reasoning

  Pyrrhonian Scepticism ↔️ Suspends judgement on all beliefs
• What is an example of Humean Scepticism?

  Doubt the sun will rise
• Pyrrhonian scepticism advocates suspending judgement to achieve mental tranquility.


  True
• Steps in Descartes' method of doubt to establish foundationalism

  1️⃣ Questions all beliefs

  2️⃣ Doubts sensory experiences

  3️⃣ Seeks indubitable belief

  4️⃣ Arrives at "I think, therefore I am"
• What does the Dream Argument suggest about our ability to distinguish dreams from reality?

  Dreams may be indistinguishable
• Scepticism is the philosophical view that we cannot know anything with absolute certainty
• Scepticism challenges the limits of human knowledge and highlights the fallibility of our cognitive faculties.

  True
• What does the Dream Argument suggest?

  Experiences might be dreams
• What is the primary goal of Pyrrhonian Scepticism?

  Mental tranquility
• Match the type of scepticism with its key belief:

  Cartesian Scepticism ↔️ Questions the reliability of senses

  Humean Scepticism ↔️ Challenges inductive reasoning

  Pyrrhonian Scepticism ↔️ Advocates suspending judgement
• Externalism allows for knowledge without explicit justification if produced by a properly functioning cognitive faculty.


  True
• Cartesian Scepticism doubts the reliability of our senses
• What does Cartesian Scepticism doubt?

  Reliability of our senses
• The Evil Demon Argument posits that an omnipotent being could manipulate our beliefs
• What does scepticism challenge about human knowledge?

  Limits and fallibility
• What does the Dream Argument challenge about our sensory experience?

  Reliability of senses
• Sceptics argue that our senses can deceive us.
• Humean Scepticism questions the validity of inductive reasoning
• What is the focus of Humean Scepticism?

  Inductive reasoning
• Arguments for scepticism challenge the certainty of our knowledge by introducing scenarios where our perceptions could be deceptive.


  True
• Cartesian scepticism questions the reliability of senses
• Descartes used the Evil Demon Argument to doubt the existence of the external world.
• Match the type of scepticism with its impact on knowledge:

  Cartesian Scepticism ↔️ Undermines empirical knowledge

  Humean Scepticism ↔️ Casts doubt on predictions

  Pyrrhonian Scepticism ↔️ Prevents certain claims about reality