1.3.2 Covalent Bonding

• What is covalent bonding?

  Sharing electron pairs
• Covalently bonded substances have high melting points.

  False
• Covalent bonds form when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
• Covalent bonds are generally strong and stable
• What determines the bond type in covalent bonds?

  Shared electron pairs
• Arrange the following characteristics to compare covalent and ionic bonding:

  1️⃣ Electron Sharing (Covalent) vs. Electron Transfer (Ionic)

  2️⃣ Bonds formed by sharing electrons (Covalent) vs. electrostatic attraction (Ionic)

  3️⃣ Typically between nonmetals (Covalent) vs. metal and nonmetal (Ionic)

  4️⃣ Forms molecules (Covalent) vs. crystal lattices (Ionic)

  5️⃣ Poor conductors (Covalent) vs. good conductors in solution (Ionic)
• Covalent bonds allow atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration
• In covalent bonding, atoms share pairs of electrons
• Covalent bonds can be polar or non-polar depending on electronegativity difference.
• In a double covalent bond, atoms share two pairs of electrons
• Why do covalently bonded substances have low melting and boiling points?

  Weak intermolecular forces
• What type of solvents are covalently bonded substances soluble in?

  Nonpolar
• In what type of solvents are ionic compounds soluble?

  Polar
• What are the main types of covalent bonds?

  Single, double, triple
• Describe the formation of covalent bonds in terms of electron sharing and achieving stable configurations:

  1️⃣ Atoms share pairs of electrons

  2️⃣ Electron sharing allows atoms to fill their outer shells

  3️⃣ Atoms achieve a stable electron configuration
• What happens to electrons when atoms form covalent bonds?

  They are shared
• Match the covalent bond type with its description:

  Single Covalent Bond ↔️ Atoms share 1 pair of electrons

  Double Covalent Bond ↔️ Atoms share 2 pairs of electrons

  Triple Covalent Bond ↔️ Atoms share 3 pairs of electrons
• Covalently bonded substances are soluble in nonpolar solvents
• In covalent bonding, electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

  False
• What happens during the formation of a covalent bond?

  Atoms share electron pairs
• What determines the directionality of a covalent bond?

  Spatial arrangement of electrons
• A single covalent bond involves the sharing of one pair of electrons.


  True
• The bond strength increases with the number of shared electron pairs.


  True
• Covalently bonded substances typically do not conduct electricity
• Ionic bonds typically occur between nonmetals.

  False
• Covalent bonds form when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
• Match the type of bonding with its characteristic:

  Covalent ↔️ Electron sharing

  Ionic ↔️ Electron transfer
• Covalent bonds are always non-polar.

  False
• Covalent bonds can be polar or non-polar depending on the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms.


  True
• Covalently bonded substances have high electrical conductivity due to free ions.

  False
• What is the strength of ionic bonds compared to covalent bonds?

  Very strong
• What type of bonds are formed in methane (CH₄)?

  Strong covalent bonds
• Covalent bonds are generally strong and stable.

  True
• What molecule is used as an example to illustrate the formation of covalent bonds?

  Methane (CH₄)
• How many electron pairs are shared in a triple covalent bond?

  Three
• Match the bonding type with its characteristic:

  Covalent Bonding ↔️ Electron Sharing

  Ionic Bonding ↔️ Electron Transfer
• Ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water or in a molten state.