2.1.2 Exchange Surfaces and a Transport System

• Match the exchange surface with its description:

  Cell membrane ↔️ Allows selective transport of materials

  Alveoli in lungs ↔️ Thin, highly vascularized surfaces for gas exchange

  Intestinal villi ↔️ Finger-like projections for nutrient absorption

  Gills in fish ↔️ Structures for gas and waste exchange
• Exchange surfaces facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products.

  True
• A large surface area in exchange surfaces increases the area available for exchange
• Effective exchange surfaces have a large surface area to increase the area available for material exchange
• The total surface area of alveoli in the lungs is approximately 100 m².
• Alveoli are the main exchange surface for gas exchange in the lungs.


  True
• Exchange surfaces facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products.
• A large surface area in exchange surfaces increases the area available for material exchange.
• The alveolar wall is only 0.5-1 μm thick to minimize the distance for gases to diffuse.
• The extensive blood supply around intestinal villi maintains concentration gradients for nutrient absorption.
• Intestinal villi are surrounded by a dense network of capillaries to maintain concentration gradients.


  True
• What is the primary function of the vascular system?

  Circulating essential materials
• Arteries have thick walls with smooth muscle to carry oxygenated blood away from the heart at high pressure.
• What is the main function of exchange surfaces in cells and organisms?

  Material exchange
• Maintaining an adequate exchange surface is critical as cells increase in size.


  True
• The large surface area of alveoli, approximately 100 m^2, facilitates efficient gas exchange.
• The surface area to volume ratio in alveoli is optimized to support the body's respiratory and metabolic needs.
• The alveolar wall is only 0.5-1 μm thick, minimizing the distance for gases to diffuse
• What is the primary exchange surface in the small intestine?

  Intestinal villi
• Why are villi surrounded by a dense network of capillaries?

  To maintain concentration gradients
• The heart is a muscular pump that propels blood throughout the body
• What waste products are transported by the vascular system for elimination?

  Carbon dioxide
• What type of blood vessel facilitates gas and nutrient exchange with tissues?

  Capillaries
• Veins return deoxygenated blood to the heart at low pressure
• The heart pumps blood throughout the body via the circulatory system.
• Blood flows through the heart unidirectionally due to the presence of valves.
• A larger surface area in exchange surfaces allows for more efficient transport of substances.


  True
• What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs called?

  Alveoli
• The small intestine contains intestinal villi, which are the primary exchange surface for nutrient absorption.
• The primary exchange surface in the small intestine is the intestinal villi.
• Villi are surrounded by a dense network of capillaries to maintain concentration gradients.
• Match the components of the vascular system with their functions:

  Heart ↔️ Muscular pump

  Blood vessels ↔️ Transport blood

  Blood ↔️ Carries oxygen
• Arrange the flow of blood through the vascular system in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Heart

  2️⃣ Arteries

  3️⃣ Capillaries

  4️⃣ Veins

  5️⃣ Body Cells
• Capillaries facilitate gas and nutrient exchange due to their extremely thin walls.
• Match the chambers of the heart with their functions:

  Atria ↔️ Receive blood from veins

  Ventricles ↔️ Pump blood to arteries
• Diffusion moves molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration.


  True
• Exchange surfaces increase the surface area to volume ratio
• Steps in the scaling up process of cells:

  1️⃣ Cells increase in size

  2️⃣ Maintaining an adequate exchange surface becomes critical

  3️⃣ Efficient transport of materials is ensured
• Match the exchange surface with its description:

  Cell membrane ↔️ Allows selective transport of materials

  Alveoli in lungs ↔️ Thin, highly vascularized surfaces for gas exchange

  Intestinal villi ↔️ Finger-like projections for nutrient absorption

  Gills in fish ↔️ Structures for gas and waste exchange
• Match the lung feature with its importance:

  Large surface area ↔️ Maximizes the area for exchange

  Thin alveolar walls ↔️ Reduces diffusion distance

  High blood flow ↔️ Maintains concentration gradients

  Rich capillary network ↔️ Ensures rapid transport of gases