1.3.2 The intuition and deduction thesis

• Deduction is the process of reasoning from general principles to specific conclusions
• Key figures associated with the intuition and deduction thesis include René Descartes and Baruch Spinoza.

  True
• Intuition requires evidence or reasoning to produce knowledge.

  False
• Match the component of deduction with its explanation:

  Definition ↔️ Reasoning from general principles

  Dependence ↔️ Relies on logical reasoning
• The intuition and deduction thesis states that only intuition and deduction are valid sources of knowledge
• The intuition and deduction thesis rejects reliance on sense experience.


  True
• Intuition contrasts with deduction because it does not require logical steps or analysis.


  True
• Deduction ensures certainty if the premises are true
• All clear and self-evident intuitions are necessarily true.

  False
• What is Descartes' foundational truth established through intuition?

  Cogito, ergo sum
• René Descartes used intuition to establish basic, self-evident truths
• Mathematical axioms are examples of intuitive knowledge.
• Intuition refers to immediate, non-inferential knowledge grasped directly without reasoning.


  True
• Order the steps involved in the intuition and deduction thesis:

  1️⃣ Start with intuitive truths

  2️⃣ Apply deductive reasoning

  3️⃣ Reject empiricism's reliance on sense experience
• Spinoza extended Descartes' method to ethics and metaphysics
• Deduction relies on logical reasoning and established premises
• Order the steps involved in the intuition and deduction thesis:

  1️⃣ Start with immediate, non-inferential knowledge

  2️⃣ Apply deductive reasoning

  3️⃣ Reject empiricism's reliance on sense experience
• Deduction is the process of reasoning from general principles to specific conclusions
• Who are the key figures associated with the intuition and deduction thesis?

  René Descartes and Baruch Spinoza
• Deduction relies on premises and reasoning to reach conclusions.


  True
• What is one strength of the intuition and deduction thesis regarding its scope?

  Applies to various fields
• The intuition and deduction thesis contrasts with empiricism
• Who are two philosophers associated with the intuition and deduction thesis?

  René Descartes and Baruch Spinoza
• What is intuition in the context of the intuition and deduction thesis?

  Immediate, non-inferential knowledge
• What is deduction in the context of the intuition and deduction thesis?

  Reasoning from general principles
• Match the strength of the intuition and deduction thesis with its explanation:

  Certainty ↔️ Provides indubitable knowledge

  Rigor ↔️ Ensures logical consistency

  Scope ↔️ Applies to various fields
• The intuition and deduction thesis neglects the role of sensory experience in acquiring knowledge.


  True
• Empiricism's reliance on sense experience can lead to uncertainties, as sensory perception can be fallible.

  True
• What is the intuition and deduction thesis?

  Intuition and deduction are the only valid sources of knowledge
• Match the concept with its description:

  Intuition ↔️ Immediate, non-inferential knowledge

  Deduction ↔️ Reasoning from general principles
• What is Descartes' foundational truth discovered through intuition?

  "Cogito, ergo sum"
• What is an example of an intuitive truth according to the thesis?

  Mathematical axioms
• What role does deduction play in the intuition and deduction thesis?

  Validates intuitive truths
• Intuition involves immediate, non-inferential understanding without reasoning.


  True
• Place the following philosophical approaches in order from their reliance on intuition to their reliance on empiricism:

  1️⃣ Intuition and deduction thesis

  2️⃣ Rationalism

  3️⃣ Empiricism
• Intuition is often based on mathematical axioms or ethical principles
• The intuition and deduction thesis provides a foundation for certain, indubitable knowledge.

  True
• Which philosopher argued that sensory experience is necessary for generating new knowledge?

  David Hume
• Intuition contrasts with deduction because it does not require evidence or reasoning.


  True
• Baruch Spinoza applied the principles of intuition and deduction to develop comprehensive philosophical systems in ethics and metaphysics.

  True