1.3.3 The intuition and deduction thesis:

• The intuition and deduction thesis asserts that knowledge is gained by combining intuition with logical deduction
• What is the definition of deduction in this thesis?

  Use of logic to derive new knowledge
• Unlike empiricism, which relies on sensory experience, rationalism trusts reason as the primary source of knowledge
• Descartes believed "I think, therefore I am" ("Cogito ergo sum") is a self-evident truth
• The intuition and deduction thesis can be flawed if the initial intuitions are incorrect
• What is deduction in the context of the intuition and deduction thesis?

  Logical process
• The accuracy of conclusions in the intuition and deduction thesis depends on the accuracy of initial intuitions


  True
• Steps in Descartes' method for discovering truth

  1️⃣ Systematic doubt

  2️⃣ Clear and distinct ideas

  3️⃣ Deduction
• What is the role of logical rules in deduction according to the intuition and deduction thesis?

  Draw conclusions
• Match the knowledge area with its example of intuition:

  Mathematical Truths ↔️ 2 + 2 = 4

  Moral Principles ↔️ Fairness is good

  Linguistic Understanding ↔️ Basic grammatical rules
• What is the primary method used to derive new truths in deduction?

  Logical rules
• What level of certainty does deduction provide compared to empirical methods?

  Higher certainty
• The intuition and deduction thesis relies on the concept of self-evident truths, which can be flawed if initial intuitions are incorrect.


  True
• Intuition in the intuition and deduction thesis refers to the direct grasp of fundamental truths without empirical evidence.


  True
• Match the knowledge area with an example of intuition:

  Mathematical Truths ↔️ 2 + 2 = 4

  Moral Principles ↔️ Fairness is good

  Linguistic Understanding ↔️ Basic grammatical rules
• What type of exercises are used in logic to derive new truths from premises?

  Syllogisms
• What is an example of a self-evident principle in arithmetic that grounds mathematical truths?

  2 + 2 = 4
• What does the intuition and deduction thesis emphasize compared to empiricism?

  Reason and logical certainty
• What type of knowledge is not accounted for by deduction alone?

  Empirical knowledge
• A balanced approach incorporating both rationalist and empiricist methods is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the world.


  True
• What is the intuition and deduction thesis a cornerstone of?

  Rationalism
• What is the definition of intuition in this thesis?

  Direct grasp of self-evident truths
• What is a key weakness of the intuition and deduction thesis?

  Reliance on self-evident truths
• What is the first step in Descartes' method for discovering truth?

  Systematic doubt
• What is a weakness of Descartes' method for discovering truth?

  Difficulty in defining clear ideas
• What does empiricism rely on as the primary source of knowledge?

  Sensory experience
• Intuitive truths are considered self-evident because they cannot be doubted or denied


  True
• What is one strength of the intuition and deduction thesis?

  Rigorous method
• What does rationalism prioritize as the primary source of knowledge?

  Reason
• Compared to empiricism, Descartes' rationalism emphasizes reason over sensory experience
• What is an example of a mathematical truth that is known through intuition?

  2 + 2 = 4
• The intuition and deduction thesis provides a foundation for mathematical and logical truths
• The intuition and deduction thesis grounds mathematical and logical knowledge in self-evident principles obtained through intuition.


  True
• What does the intuition and deduction thesis assert is the combination needed to gain knowledge?

  Intuition and deduction
• Descartes' method begins with systematic doubt
• Deduction ensures certainty if the initial premises are true
• Unlike empirical knowledge, deduction ensures validity and certainty
• Deduction is a foundational method in the rationalist approach to acquiring knowledge.


  True
• Deduction ensures certainty in arguments if initial intuitions are correct and logical rules are applied properly.


  True
• Flawed initial intuitions can invalidate conclusions derived through deduction.

  True