1.3 Regional Variation

• Dialects are systematic linguistic differences in grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary between regions.


  True
• Dialects include systematic differences in grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary.

  True
• Order the major regional dialects in the UK based on their geographic location from north to south:

  1️⃣ Scottish English

  2️⃣ Northern English

  3️⃣ Midlands English

  4️⃣ Southern English
• Northern English features glottal stops and words like "aye," "bairn," and nowt
• Scottish English is influenced by Gaelic and historical settlements
• Southern English is influenced by London as a major cultural center.


  True
• What are common words in Northern English influenced by Viking settlements?

  Aye, bairn, nowt
• Accents are a key aspect of phonology in regional variation.
• Cockney English is known for dropping "h" sounds.
• In Scottish English, "wis" is used instead of was.
• Match the perception of regional dialects with its description:

  Prestige Dialects ↔️ Associated with higher social status

  Stigmatized Dialects ↔️ Viewed as inferior by dominant groups

  Markers of Identity ↔️ Signify regional belonging
• Regional variation in language refers to the differences in language use based on location
• Regional differences in language are influenced by historical settlement patterns, cultural traditions, and social interactions
• Understanding regional variation is essential for effective communication.


  True
• Scottish English uses the "r" sound after vowels, such as in "car."


  True
• Southern English is identified by non-rhotic pronunciation and phrases like "me old china" and cor blimey
• Midlands English is influenced by its central location and historical trade
• Scottish English is influenced by the Gaelic language.
• What major city influenced Southern English as a cultural and trade center?

  London
• What phonological feature is characteristic of Northern English pronunciation of "water"?

  Glottal stop
• What does "trouble and strife" refer to in Cockney rhyming slang?

  Wife
• What social aspects are regional dialects closely tied to?

  Identity, belonging, heritage
• Match the linguistic feature with its description:

  Accent ↔️ Variations in pronunciation

  Vocabulary ↔️ Unique words or phrases
• Accents refer to variations in pronunciation and intonation
• Scottish English is characterized by distinctive vowel sounds and words like "wee," "bairn," and ken
• Midlands English is known for rhotic pronunciation and words like "thee," "thou," and "owt."

  True
• Northern English was shaped by Viking settlements and industrialization.


  True
• What characterizes Southern English dialect?

  Non-rhotic pronunciation
• Midlands English features non-rhotic pronunciation.

  False
• Scottish English pronounces the "r" sound after vowels.


  True
• Match the region with its unique vocabulary:

  Scottish English ↔️ bairn, ken, wee

  Northern English ↔️ aye, nowt

  Cockney (London) ↔️ apples and pears
• The use of "ain't" for negation is a grammatical feature of Cockney English.


  True
• What can the social stigma attached to regional dialects lead to?

  Discrimination and marginalization