2.8 The Significance of Religion and Religiosity in the Contemporary World

• What is religiosity defined as?

  Religious commitment or involvement
• What is individualization in religion characterized by?

  Personal and subjective choices
• What did Durkheim emphasize in his sociological perspective on religion?

  Social cohesion
• Arrange the mechanisms by which religion fosters social cohesion:

  1️⃣ Shared Beliefs and Values

  2️⃣ Rituals and Traditions

  3️⃣ Social Networks
• Religious institutions create social networks that facilitate community support and interaction.


  True
• Individualization in religion emphasizes personal and subjective forms of religiosity.

  True
• What is the example of social cohesion in Islam mentioned in the study material?

  Islamic charity
• How do shared beliefs and values contribute to social cohesion?

  Unite people
• Tensions between religion and secularism arise from conflicts over moral and social issues.


  True
• Match the impact of globalization on religion with its description:

  Pluralization ↔️ Increased diversity of beliefs

  Hybridization ↔️ Blending of religious ideas
• Hybridization refers to the blending of religious ideas and practices from different cultures.


  True
• What is the definition of religion?

  Beliefs, values, and practices related to the sacred
• What is a positive societal impact of religion?

  Moral guidance
• Local church food banks are an example of religion providing community support.


  True
• Religion promotes social cohesion by providing shared beliefs and values
• What is the worldview of secularism?

  Emphasis on the material and rational
• Order the functions of religious symbols and rituals:

  1️⃣ Representation of sacred or supernatural elements

  2️⃣ Reinforcement of religious beliefs and identities

  3️⃣ Strengthening community bonds
• Religious rituals reinforce beliefs and strengthen community bonds


  True
• The Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca is a central ritual that strengthens the global Muslim community
• The blending of religious ideas from different cultures creates hybrid belief systems
• Religious teachings can shape individual and societal morality


  True
• What is one negative impact of religious institutions on society?

  Inequality and repression
• The growth of Pentecostalism in the Global South reflects the hybridization of Christian and local cultural elements
• Religion refers to a system of beliefs, values, and practices related to the sacred or supernatural
• Pluralization describes the increasing diversity of religious beliefs and practices
• Religion can contribute to both social cohesion and conflict within a society.


  True
• Which sociologist analyzed the influence of religion on the development of capitalism?

  Weber
• What role do religious rituals and traditions play in social cohesion?

  Reinforce community belonging
• What is pluralization in the context of religious trends?

  Diversity of religious beliefs
• Religion provides moral guidance, shaping behavior through moral codes
• Religion can foster social cohesion by providing shared beliefs, values, and rituals
• What is the secular worldview based on?

  Rational and empirical
• What does the Christian cross symbolize?

  Crucifixion of Jesus
• What is globalization and its impact on religious beliefs?

  Increased interconnectedness and interdependence
• What is the effect of globalization on individual religious identity?

  Personalized selection of beliefs
• Broader social changes such as increased migration and communication technologies contribute to the decline of traditional institutional authority
• Match the religious trend with its description:

  Secularization ↔️ Decreased religious engagement

  Pluralization ↔️ Increased religious diversity

  Individualization ↔️ Personalized religiosity
• The Ten Commandments in Judeo-Christian traditions provide an example of religion's role in moral guidance
• What is an example of religious inequality that reinforces social hierarchies?

  Caste system in Hinduism
• Secularization refers to the decline of religious belief and practice