1.2.2 Issues for direct realism:

• Direct Realism is the view that we directly perceive the external world as it really is
• Illusions and hallucinations suggest that our perceptions do not always match reality
• Direct perception means we have immediate and unmediated access to the external world
• Direct Realism states that our perceptions reflect the real properties of external objects
• Direct Realism asserts that our perceptions accurately reflect the real properties of external objects.


  True
• Match the issue with its description and example:

  Illusions and Hallucinations ↔️ Misrepresentations of reality; mirage in the desert

  Perceptual Relativity ↔️ Objects perceived differently; straight stick in water
• Direct Realism holds that we directly perceive the external world as it is.
• Direct Realism implies identical perception of the same object.
• Indirect Realism proposes that we gain knowledge about the external world through an indirect process.
• Direct Realism claims that our perceptions are direct and accurate representations of the external world.


  True
• What is the example given for perceptual relativity in the study material?

  Stick appears bent in water
• How does the argument from illusion challenge Direct Realism?

  Highlights distorted perceptions
• What is the central claim of Direct Realism regarding our perception of the external world?

  We perceive it directly
• How does Direct Realism describe the relationship between perception and reality?

  Direct and accurate
• What does the Illusion Argument against Direct Realism claim about the reliability of our perceptions?

  Our perceptions are unreliable
• How do illusions and hallucinations challenge Direct Realism?

  Undermine direct accuracy
• Perception differences among individuals support the core claim of Direct Realism.

  False
• Indirect Realism acknowledges that our perceptions may not always accurately reflect reality.

  True
• What is the core claim of Direct Realism?

  Perception reflects reality directly
• How do illusions and hallucinations challenge Direct Realism?

  Suggest perceptions are inaccurate
• What does the Illusion Argument suggest about Direct Realism?

  Perceptions cannot be reliable
• What is the role of illusions in the problem of perception and the external world?

  Undermine direct perception
• Match the aspect of perception with its implication for Direct Realism:

  Perception Differences ↔️ Varies based on individual factors

  Core Claim of Direct Realism ↔️ Direct and accurate perception

  Implication of Perception Differences ↔️ Differing perceptions of the same object
• What is the implication of illusions and hallucinations for Direct Realism?

  Undermines accuracy of perception
• Direct Realism asserts that our perceptions are unmediated and immediate.


  True
• The Illusion Argument uses the example of a straight stick appearing bent in water to challenge Direct Realism.


  True
• Direct Perception refers to immediate and unmediated access to the external world.
• According to Direct Realism, our perceptions are direct and accurate representations of external objects.
• The Illusion Argument suggests that if illusions occur, direct perception cannot be trusted.


  True
• Steps in the perceptual process according to Indirect Realism:

  1️⃣ Senses provide information

  2️⃣ Mind interprets information

  3️⃣ Perception is formed
• What is the implication of perception differences for Direct Realism?

  Perceptions are subjective
• What properties of a red apple does Direct Realism claim we directly perceive?

  Redness and shape
• Direct perception refers to immediate and unmediated access to the external world
• Perceptual relativity demonstrates that objects are perceived differently under various conditions
• A straight stick appearing bent in water is an example used to illustrate the Illusion Argument
• Perceptual relativity challenges the idea that perception is a direct representation of an object's true properties
• How does Indirect Realism respond to the challenges against Direct Realism?

  Proposes mediated perception
• Direct Realism posits a direct and accurate link between perception and reality
• Indirect Realism attributes perceptual relativity to the interpretive nature of the mind.

  True
• Direct Realism claims that we have immediate and unmediated access to the external world.