1.2.2 Enzymes

• Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy
• Order the steps of how enzymes work in the lock and key model:

  1️⃣ Enzyme binds to substrate at active site

  2️⃣ Enzyme-substrate complex is formed

  3️⃣ Activation energy is lowered

  4️⃣ Products are released

  5️⃣ Enzyme is reused
• The region on the enzyme that binds to substrates is called the active site
• Enzymes are essential for biological reactions in living organisms.


  True
• Enzymes lower the activation energy more effectively than inorganic catalysts
• The intermediate structure formed during catalysis is called the enzyme-substrate complex
• A substrate is a molecule acted upon by the enzyme

  True
• As temperature increases, enzyme activity increases up to an optimal point, after which it decreases due to denaturation
• Match the enzyme with its function:

  Amylase ↔️ Breaks down starch

  Lipase ↔️ Breaks down fats

  Protease ↔️ Breaks down proteins

  Catalase ↔️ Decomposes hydrogen peroxide
• Enzymes are specific to the reactions they catalyze


  True
• What forms the basic structure of an enzyme?

  Protein chain
• What type of molecule are enzymes primarily composed of?

  Protein
• What environmental factors are enzymes sensitive to?

  Temperature and pH
• The lock and key model describes how enzymes lower activation energy by forming an enzyme-substrate complex.

  True
• Enzymes operate at mild conditions of temperature and pH.


  True
• Enzymes function best within an optimal pH range, and their activity drops off outside this range.


  True
• What are enzymes defined as in biology?

  Biological catalysts
• Enzymes are highly specific to the reactions they catalyze.


  True
• The protein chain of an enzyme forms its basic structure.


  True
• What factors are enzymes sensitive to?

  Temperature and pH
• Are inorganic catalysts sensitive to temperature and pH?

  No
• What region on the enzyme binds to the substrate?

  Active site
• The region on the enzyme that binds substrates is called the active site
• Enzymes exhibit high specificity to their substrates
• Inorganic catalysts have broad specificity compared to enzymes

  True
• Inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme and reduce its activity


  True
• Why are enzymes essential for living organisms?

  To speed up reactions
• What type of molecule forms the basic structure of an enzyme?

  Protein
• Enzymes have high affinity for specific substrates due to their specificity.

  True
• Enzymes are highly specific compared to inorganic catalysts.


  True
• Where does an enzyme bind to a substrate molecule?

  Active site
• What is the primary role of enzymes in terms of activation energy?

  Lower activation energy
• How does increasing temperature affect enzyme activity up to the optimal point?

  Increases enzyme activity
• Match the enzyme with its primary function:

  Amylase ↔️ Breaks down starch into sugars

  Lipase ↔️ Catalyzes the breakdown of fats

  Protease ↔️ Breaks down proteins into amino acids

  Catalase ↔️ Decomposes hydrogen peroxide
• The enzyme responsible for replicating DNA is called DNA polymerase
• Match the features with the type of catalyst:

  Enzymes ↔️ Highly specific

  Inorganic Catalysts ↔️ Broad specificity
• What type of molecule are enzymes primarily composed of?

  Protein
• Match the features with the type of catalyst:

  Enzymes ↔️ Specific 3D shapes

  Inorganic Catalysts ↔️ Metals or metal compounds
• Inorganic catalysts have broad specificity
• Enzymes are reused after catalyzing a reaction.


  True