3.3.2 Jim Crow Era and Segregation (1877–1950s)

• The primary purpose of the Jim Crow Laws was to maintain white supremacy
• The end of Reconstruction led to the enactment of the Jim Crow Laws, establishing a system of legalized segregation
• What were some examples of legal segregation during the Jim Crow Era?

  Separate schools, housing, jobs
• The wealth gap during the Jim Crow Era limited African Americans' access to quality housing
• Whites' higher incomes and wealth limited African Americans' access to quality housing, education, and jobs
• Steps in the process by which economic inequalities reinforced segregation

  1️⃣ Wealth gap limited African Americans' access to opportunities

  2️⃣ Employment discrimination trapped African Americans in low-wage jobs

  3️⃣ Unequal public funding created disparities in education and facilities

  4️⃣ Lack of resources prevented challenges to segregation
• The Jim Crow Laws aimed to restrict the rights and opportunities of African Americans.


  True
• What is the difference between social and legal segregation?

  Social is informal, legal is codified
• The Jim Crow Laws mandated "separate but equal" public facilities for whites and blacks.

  True
• Match the aspect with its description:

  Social Segregation ↔️ Enforced by customs and norms

  Legal Segregation ↔️ Codified in laws and statutes
• Employment discrimination under Jim Crow laws trapped African Americans in low-wage, segregated workplaces.


  True
• Jim Crow laws restricted job opportunities for African Americans, trapping them in low-wage, segregated workplaces.


  True
• Segregated schools for African Americans received equal funding compared to white schools.

  False
• Match the voter suppression tactic with its description:

  Poll taxes ↔️ Fees that priced out poor voters

  Literacy tests ↔️ Complex tests administered unfairly

  Grandfather clauses ↔️ Exempted whites from tests and taxes
• The Jim Crow Laws were enacted from 1877 to the 1960s
• What was social segregation during the Jim Crow Era enforced through?

  Customs and norms
• Steps in the process by which economic inequalities reinforced segregation

  1️⃣ Wealth gap limited African Americans' access to opportunities

  2️⃣ Employment discrimination trapped African Americans in low-wage jobs

  3️⃣ Unequal public funding created disparities in education and facilities

  4️⃣ Lack of resources prevented challenges to segregation
• The political disenfranchisement of African Americans was a key aspect of the Jim Crow system.
• Grandfather clauses exempted white voters from literacy tests and poll taxes if their grandfathers could vote.


  True
• The Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education declared segregated schools unconstitutional.


  True
• Chronological order of significant Supreme Court cases related to Jim Crow laws

  1️⃣ Shelley v. Kraemer (1948)

  2️⃣ Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

  3️⃣ Loving v. Virginia (1967)
• The Shelley v. Kraemer case prevented courts from enforcing discriminatory housing policies.

  True
• The Jim Crow Laws denied African Americans voting rights, job opportunities, and access to education.
• What marked a major setback for civil rights after Reconstruction?

  Jim Crow Laws
• What was social segregation during the Jim Crow Era enforced through?

  Customs and norms
• Match the type of segregation with an example:

  Social Segregation ↔️ Separate restaurants

  Legal Segregation ↔️ Jim Crow Laws

  Economic Inequality ↔️ Unequal funding for schools
• Employment discrimination trapped African Americans in low-wage jobs during the Jim Crow Era.

  True
• Order the resistance forms against Jim Crow Laws by their primary focus:

  1️⃣ Civil Rights Movement (Nonviolent tactics)

  2️⃣ NAACP (Legal challenges)
• The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
• What were the Jim Crow Laws?

  Laws enforcing racial segregation
• How long did the Jim Crow Laws last?

  1877 to the 1960s
• Order the key differences between social and legal segregation

  1️⃣ Social segregation is based on customs and norms

  2️⃣ Social segregation involves informal practices

  3️⃣ Social segregation covers public spaces and social interactions

  4️⃣ Social segregation is enforced through social pressure

  5️⃣ Legal segregation is based on laws and statutes

  6️⃣ Legal segregation involves formal mandates

  7️⃣ Legal segregation covers education, housing, and public services
• The Jim Crow Laws resulted in the curtailment of African American voting rights
• How did economic inequalities reinforce segregation?

  Limited access to resources
• What played a crucial role in perpetuating the Jim Crow system?

  Economic inequalities
• How did the wealth gap affect segregation during the Jim Crow Era?

  Limited access to resources
• The political disenfranchisement of African Americans was a crucial mechanism for maintaining white political power
• Voter suppression tactics allowed white politicians to enforce Jim Crow laws.


  True
• Match the aspect of the Jim Crow Laws with its description:

  Definition ↔️ Laws enforcing racial segregation

  Purpose ↔️ Maintain white supremacy

  Discrimination ↔️ Denied voting rights and jobs

  Duration ↔️ 1877 to the 1960s
• Legal segregation was codified in laws such as the Jim Crow Laws, creating a system of formalized racial separation