3.2 Work

• What is the definition of work in physics?

  Force times displacement
• Steps for calculating work with constant force:

  1️⃣ Identify the force applied

  2️⃣ Identify the displacement

  3️⃣ Determine the angle between force and displacement

  4️⃣ Apply the formula $W =$$F \cdot d \cos \theta$
• Match the formula for work with its definition:

  $W =$$F \cdot d \cos \theta$ ↔️ Product of force and displacement in the same direction

  $W =$$\int_{x_{1}}^{x_{2}} F(x) \, dx$ ↔️ Integral of force over displacement
• Work in physics is defined as the product of force and displacement in the same direction.


  True
• The alternative formula for work involving integration is $W =$$\int_{x_{1}}^{x_{2}} F(x) \, dx$
• Work is a scalar quantity.
• What type of work occurs when the force opposes movement?

  Negative work
• Work is a scalar quantity, meaning it has magnitude but no direction.


  True
• Only the component of the force in the direction of displacement contributes to the work done.

  True
• Arrange the following examples of work based on their sign (positive, negative, zero).

  1️⃣ Lifting a box upward (positive work)

  2️⃣ Lowering a box downward (negative work)

  3️⃣ Carrying a box horizontally (zero work)
• What are the units of work in physics?

  Joules
• Work done by a variable force is calculated using the integral of the force over the displacement
• What is the formula for work when the force and displacement are in the same direction?

  $W =$$F \cdot d$
• In the work formula $W =$$F \cdot d \cos \theta$, what does $F$ represent?


  Force
• The unit of work is Joules.


  True
• Work is negative when the force and displacement are in opposite directions.

  True
• In the formula $W =$$\mathbf{F} \cdot \mathbf{d} \cos\theta$, what does $\mathbf{F}$ represent?


  Force vector
• The formula for work in physics is W = \mathbf{F} \cdot \mathbf{d} \cos\theta</latex>
• Work is an example of a scalar quantity.
• The unit of work, the Joule, is equivalent to Newton-meter.
• What is the formula to calculate work with constant force?

  $W =$$F \cdot d \cos \theta$
• What type of work occurs when the force and displacement are in the same direction?

  Positive work
• What is the formula for calculating work with constant force?

  $W =$$F \cdot d \cos \theta$
• What is the angle between the force and displacement when the work done is maximum for a constant force?

  0 degrees
• What is the value of acceleration due to gravity ($g$)?


  9.8 m/s²
• In the variable force formula, $F(x)$ represents the force as a function of position
• Positive work occurs when the angle between force and displacement is between 0° and 90°
• The work done is measured in Joules.


  True
• Work is calculated using the formula W = F * d * cos θ


  True
• Is work a scalar or vector quantity?

  Scalar
• Scalar quantities have both magnitude and direction.

  False
• What is the formula for calculating work with a constant force?

  W = F * d * cos θ
• What does $F$ represent in the work formula?


  Magnitude of force
• The formula for calculating work done against gravity is W = $mgh$
• Match the type of force with its formula for calculating work:

  Constant Force ↔️ $W =$$F \cdot d \cos\theta$

  Variable Force ↔️ $W =$$\int_{x_{1}}^{x_{2}} F(x) \, dx$
• If you push a box forward and then pull it back with equal force, what is the net work done?

  Zero
• The formula for work is W = \mathbf{F} \cdot \mathbf{d} \cos\theta</latex>
• What type of work is done when lifting an object against gravity?

  Positive work
• What is the alternative formula for work when the force varies with position?

  $W =$$\int_{x_{1}}^{x_{2}} F(x) \, dx$
• The formula for work involving the angle between force and displacement is $W =$$F \cdot d \cos \theta$