2.5.3 Hormonal Coordination

• Steps involved in hormone regulation via feedback mechanisms

  1️⃣ Hormone levels increase

  2️⃣ Response is triggered in target cells

  3️⃣ Feedback mechanism detects change

  4️⃣ Hormone release is adjusted
• Non-steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors.

  False
• Steps in the mechanism of action for non-steroid hormones

  1️⃣ Hormone binds to cell surface receptor

  2️⃣ Signaling cascade is triggered

  3️⃣ Physiological response occurs
• Cell surface receptors are located in the cytoplasm of the cell.

  False
• Hormones are typically small organic molecules or peptides
• Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and can easily pass through the cell membrane.

  True
• Insulin is an example of a non-steroid hormone.

  True
• Order the steps of hormone action for steroid hormones:

  1️⃣ Hormone passes through cell membrane

  2️⃣ Hormone binds to intracellular receptor

  3️⃣ Hormone-receptor complex enters nucleus

  4️⃣ Gene expression is regulated
• The Pituitary-Thyroid Axis involves the hormones T3 and T4
• Hormones produced by the endocrine system act as chemical messengers
• The Pituitary-Thyroid Axis regulates metabolism, growth, and development
• What is the role of TRH in the Pituitary-Thyroid Axis?

  Stimulates TSH release
• Match the feedback mechanism with its example:

  Negative Feedback ↔️ Blood sugar regulation

  Positive Feedback ↔️ Oxytocin release during childbirth
• An imbalance in insulin levels can lead to diabetes, weight gain, and increased hunger
• Match the medical application of hormone coordination with its description:

  Hormone Replacement Therapy ↔️ Supplementing missing hormones

  Hormone Antagonists ↔️ Blocking hormone effects

  Hormone Agonists ↔️ Mimicking hormone effects

  Hormone Monitoring ↔️ Measuring hormone levels
• Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands that are released into the bloodstream to coordinate and regulate various bodily functions
• There are two main types of hormones: steroid hormones and non-steroid hormones.types
• Match the hormone type with its example:

  Steroid Hormone ↔️ Testosterone

  Non-Steroid Hormone ↔️ Insulin
• What type of receptors do steroid hormones bind to?

  Intracellular receptors
• Match the receptor type with its example:

  Intracellular Receptor ↔️ Estrogen

  Cell Surface Receptor ↔️ Insulin
• Hormone secretion is regulated by feedback mechanisms.


  True
• Non-steroid hormones are water-soluble and bind to cell surface receptors
• Steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors, forming a hormone-receptor complex
• Intracellular receptors are found on the cell membrane.

  False
• Match the endocrine pathway with its function:

  Pituitary-Thyroid Axis ↔️ Regulates metabolism

  Pituitary-Adrenal Axis ↔️ Responds to stress
• Which glands are involved in the Pituitary-Thyroid Axis?

  Pituitary and Thyroid
• Which hormones are involved in the Pituitary-Adrenal Axis?

  ACTH, Cortisol
• Understanding hormone pathways is crucial for maintaining homeostasis.

  True
• Positive feedback amplifies hormone levels until a threshold is reached.


  True
• What are some effects of a cortisol imbalance?

  Stress, weight gain
• Hormones are transported in the bloodstream to target tissues.


  True
• What is the chemical nature of steroid hormones?

  Lipid-soluble
• Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol
• What are hormones?

  Chemical messengers
• What are the two main types of hormones?

  Steroid and non-steroid
• Give an example of a steroid hormone.

  Testosterone
• What type of receptor do non-steroid hormones bind to?

  Cell surface receptors
• What is the endocrine system?

  Network of glands
• What is the endocrine system composed of?

  A network of glands
• What hormones are involved in the Pituitary-Thyroid Axis?

  TSH, T3, T4