9.2 Momentum

• The momentum formula is p = mv
• Match the variable with its impact on momentum:

  Mass ↔️ Higher mass increases momentum

  Velocity ↔️ Higher velocity increases momentum
• Increasing either mass or velocity increases momentum
• The unit for momentum is kg m/s
• The formula for calculating momentum is p = mv
• The total momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external forces act on it.


  True
• Momentum is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction.


  True
• The direction of momentum is always the same as the direction of velocity.

  True
• Momentum varies with changes in mass and velocity
• Inelastic collisions lose kinetic energy, often converting it to heat or sound.

  True
• What is the initial total momentum in the example problem?

  15 kg m / s
• Match the collision type with its example:

  Elastic collision ↔️ Bouncing ball

  Inelastic collision ↔️ Car crash
• What is the definition of momentum in physics?

  Measure of motion
• Momentum has both magnitude and direction.


  True
• Arrange the following variables and their impact on momentum in order:

  1️⃣ Higher mass increases momentum

  2️⃣ Higher velocity increases momentum
• A 5 kg object moving at 10 m/s has a momentum of 50 kg m/s.


  True
• What is the momentum of a 5 kg object moving at 10 m/s?

  50 kg m/s
• What does 'm' represent in the momentum formula?

  Mass
• What is lost in inelastic collisions?

  Kinetic energy
• Momentum is calculated by multiplying its mass and velocity
• In inelastic collisions, kinetic energy is often converted to heat
• Elastic collisions conserve both momentum and kinetic energy
• A 3 kg ball moving at 5 m/s collides with a 2 kg ball at rest
• The conservation of momentum applies only to closed systems with no external forces.


  True
• What is the final velocity of the 4 kg ball in the example problem?

  1 m / s
• Is momentum a scalar or a vector quantity?

  Vector quantity
• What is the direction of momentum in relation to velocity?

  Same as velocity
• What formula is used to calculate momentum?

  $p =$$mv$
• Arrange the following calculations in order of increasing momentum:

  1️⃣ $p =$$2 \times 5 =$$10 \text{ kg m / s}$

  2️⃣ $p =$$5 \times 10 =$$50 \text{ kg m / s}$

  3️⃣ $p =$$10 \times 20 =$$200 \text{ kg m / s}$
• What does 'p' represent in the momentum formula?

  Momentum
• In elastic collisions, both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved
• Match the key aspect of momentum with its explanation:

  Definition ↔️ Product of mass and velocity

  Formula ↔️ $p =$$mv$

  Vector Quantity ↔️ Has magnitude and direction

  Direction ↔️ Same as velocity
• What happens to momentum if mass increases and velocity remains constant?

  Increases
• What is conserved in a closed system when no external forces are present?

  Total momentum
• Match the collision type with its properties:

  Elastic collision ↔️ Momentum and kinetic energy conserved

  Inelastic collision ↔️ Momentum conserved, kinetic energy lost
• What is the final velocity of the 2 kg ball after the collision?

  3 m / s
• In an example collision, the initial total momentum is 6 kg m / s