3.2.3 The First World War

• Nationalism is the belief that one's own nation is superior and deserves its own state.


  True
• Nationalism contributed to the First World War by creating tensions and conflicts between ethnic groups
• What was one of the new weapons used in the First World War that caused unprecedented destruction?

  Chemical weapons
• The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany, which contributed to future conflict


  True
• How many soldiers died in World War I?

  Over 9 million
• The alliance system in Europe divided the continent into two opposing camps


  True
• What was the Treaty of Versailles criticized for?

  Harsh terms on Germany
• Trench warfare was a new method of warfare introduced during World War I

  False
• The technological and strategic changes during World War I led to new military doctrines and tactics.


  True
• The system of alliances was an underlying cause of World War I.


  True
• The Marxist interpretation views World War I as an inevitable outcome of the capitalist system.

  True
• What are the two categories into which the causes of the First World War can be divided?

  Immediate and underlying
• What was the triggering event that directly led to the outbreak of the First World War?

  Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
• Sequence the key events of the First World War:

  1️⃣ Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

  2️⃣ Mobilization of armies

  3️⃣ Declarations of war

  4️⃣ Outbreak of hostilities
• The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany
• World War I led to the rise of new ideologies like communism and fascism
• The collapse of the German, Austro-Hungarian, Russian, and Ottoman empires created new nation-states in Europe and the Middle East
• The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the triggering event that led to the outbreak of World War I
• During World War I, reliance on infantry and artillery was replaced by aerial combat and air-ships
• Match the old methods of warfare with their corresponding new methods during World War I:

  Trench warfare ↔️ Artillery bombardment

  Cavalry charges ↔️ Chemical weapons

  Communication through messengers ↔️ Tanks and armored vehicles

  Reliance on infantry and artillery ↔️ Aerial combat and airships
• Match the immediate causes of World War I with their underlying causes:

  Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand ↔️ Militarism

  Competition for colonies ↔️ Imperialism

  Nationalist tensions ↔️ Nationalism

  System of alliances ↔️ Alliances
• Match the historical interpretations of World War I with their descriptions:

  Traditionalist Interpretation ↔️ Emphasizes immediate causes like alliances and assassination

  Revisionist Interpretation ↔️ Focuses on underlying causes like militarism

  Marxist Interpretation ↔️ Views the war as driven by capitalist competition

  Cultural Interpretation ↔️ Examines cultural factors and ideologies
• Historians agree on the relative importance of immediate and underlying causes of World War I.

  False
• Militarism refers to the belief that a strong military is necessary for national security and prestige
• Match the underlying cause with its description:

  Militarism ↔️ Arms race and belief in a strong military

  Imperialism ↔️ Competition for colonies and resources

  Nationalism ↔️ Belief in national superiority

  Alliances ↔️ Forming groups for mutual protection
• The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the immediate cause of the First World War.

  True
• The immediate causes of World War I include the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• Arrange the following political changes resulting from World War I in chronological order:

  1️⃣ Collapse of empires

  2️⃣ Emergence of new nation-states

  3️⃣ Treaty of Versailles
• What was one new method of warfare introduced during World War I?

  Chemical weapons
• Which countries formed the Allied Powers in World War I?

  Britain, France, Russia
• Order the technological and strategic changes that revolutionized warfare during World War I:

  1️⃣ Artillery bombardment

  2️⃣ Chemical weapons

  3️⃣ Tanks and armored vehicles

  4️⃣ Aerial combat and airships

  5️⃣ Wireless communication
• The immediate cause of World War I was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• The revisionist interpretation of World War I argues that the war could have been avoided